Equipment & Systems Engineering Essay Example for Free

Equipment Systems Engineering EssayProduct overview CATIA sic Layout 1 (PLO) enables organizations to optimize their manufacturing plant layout. This reaping is one piece of Dassaults integrated Digital Manufacturing Solutions. It deals specifically with the spatial organization and components of the plant, allowing quick easy layout and downstream evolution of the layout design. Through the CATIA V5 integrated product environment, users cause a seamless solution to address all their manufacturing environment needs.They have the tools necessary to optimize production facility layout, leading to optimized factory production and output. CATIA Plant Layout 1 (PLO) provides an accessible solution for departments of small and medium enterprises. Its friendliness, intuitiveness, and ease of use makes it possible for inexperienced users to use the system with a minimal cost of implementation.The terminated layout of the facility can be driven almost completely with the mouse and the product has a user interface that helps users make the transition from traditional 2D layout to 3D. With the intelligence behind the V5 Plant Layout model, plant designers and systems layout design teams can identify and solve problems with the layout or production process long before equipment is installed or travel inside the plant.The software enables users to not only complete designs faster, but also to significantly improve the quality of their designs. Today, every manufacturing company is looking for new methods to geld the time it takes to ramp-up, reduce the number of problems on the production floor including downtime, and get products to market faster. Dassaults Digital Manufacturing Solutions, which include the CATIA Plant Layout 1 (PLO) product line, assist companies in achieving these objectives.CATIA Plant Layout 1 (PLO) , together with Dassault Data Management offerings, gives users the power to manage their plant layouts and associated components from initi al design to plant operations, in a way that is soft adapted to how the customer works. Product Highlights Includes an optimized user interface for easy maneuverability and layout design iteration Provides an easy tool to define pathway route for preliminary exam space claim. Provides optimized tools for quick and easy layout of complex configurations.

Eurobond Essay Example for Free

Eurobond EssayBonds, mutual funds and stocks ar the most prevalent asset categories in business, thus they attract mainly the markets attention. But other significant investment prospects must also b kept in mind by an investor like futures, options, and currencies. Even though these types of investments are quite complicated and usually aimed at experienced investors, its very important to understand how they work or function to enable an investor to decide if these types of investments would adopt a role in an investors overall investment plan. And for an international investor, a Eurobond might be quite an attractive investment to choose. A Eurobond is a bond distributed and exchanged internationally that is denominated in a currency that is not the currency of the market or country where it was distributed. For example, a Eurodollar bond denominated in American dollar maybe issued in other countries other than the U. S. A. like Canada by a German firm. A real-world example of this is a Eurobond launched by the World chamfer denominated in Norwegian Krone and listed or distributed in European market, or in Luxembourg to be more precise (World Bank, 2001).Eurobond is a very fire financing instrument that offers the provider the flexibility of selecting the country in which to bargain their bonds according to that countrys regulatory restrictions. It also gives the provider the free volition to decide what currency their Eurobond would be denominated. For an investor, it is also a very appealing financial investment to make because it offers small par values and relatively proud liquidity. This gives the investor a good rate of return or cost of capital.But there is an issue for the stakeholder in this type of bond. Since the Eurobond is not subjected to withholding tax, the stakeholder must go for in his / her income tax the revenue attained. Eurobonds are actually classified in five categories (1) Straight Eurobonds, bonds issued at rigid price w ith fixed conversion (2) variable rate notes (3) Subordinate issues, bonds wherein the investors right to payment is subordinate to the right of the issuers. (4) Assed-backed issues, bonds wherein the credit of the collateral depicts separate assets (5) Convertibles, bonds that may be traded for shares at a fixed value. To end this discussion, some things must be kept in mind regarding Eurobonds. Eurobonds are tradable tools its purpose is to be bought and sold for the duration of maturity. Also, Eurobonds are not subjected to receipts and mostly free from government policy and restrictions.

The Analysis Of Pz Cussons Website Marketing Essay

The Analysis Of Pz Cussons Website Marketing EssayE-commerce has the capacity to improve existing businesses and excessively hold out operational efficiency. However, in the wake of fierce competition, businesses be forced to be at their best as competitors are just a click away. (Xia Yang et al 2003)The limitless(prenominal) potentials of the internet in instantlys world have revolutionized the way business is done all over the globe thus making the world a global village. The thrust of this paper critically overviews the net toy site of PZ Cussons as a communication medium in line with e-business management theory, the paper discusses issues bordering on advertising and branding.PZ was founded in 1879 by George Paterson and George Zochonis in which they set up a trading post in Sierra Leone. By 1899, they opened their first part office in Nigeria (http//www.pzcussons.com/pzc/about/ourhistory/). The company has recorded remarkable achievements since then. The company majors on manufacturing leading brands of household items from soaps to milk.With the subject of the World Wide Web, PZ Cussons is self-collected to take its business to the next aim by taking advantage of technology. Needless to say that with the advent of e-business PZ Cussons should do even better.In todays world, it would be knockout to extricate a companys success from its vanesite as this mass either attract customers or repel them depending on customer sexual congressship techniques employed by the web designer. The consistent growth in technological advancement and inventive initiatives has made tremendous impact and also made e-advertising synergistic, exciting, and affordable to businesses.This paper analyses the website of PZ Cussons in relation to its competitors and highlights how PZ Cussons put forward utility from vast potentials of the internet in advertising and promotion as well as building a better brand.Advertising look into has shown that much of what is expecte d from a website is largely dependent on the consumer. Lu and Yeung 1998 suggests that human to computer interface design factors are applicable to commercial web applications. However, the nature of the business and the way the business is done has to be taken into consideration when developing a web site.Putting together and responding to consumer feedbacks are an principal(prenominal) part of communication activities when attempting to convert a first time buyer to a potential customer, as such fostering an online relationship. (Berthon et al 1996)In a bid to explore empirical studies and dimensions required basically for re bet on advertising, past works have attempted to forecast consumers behaviour towards internet advertising. It has been observed that coating or beliefs play a more pivotal role in consumers purchase intention rather than other factors like creativity, commercialise size or internet usage. (Yang 2003). With the advent of e-commerce, PZ Cussons have taken up the initiative to advertise its company on the web, however, a lot of issues regarding the website would be discussed in the course of this paper.The touch of ensuring that a site visitor becomes a customer and is retained is actually a proactive approach that can be stimulated by interactive features on the site (Geissler 2001). For most businesses, the home page in itself is an advertisement (Singh and Dalal 1999). The appearance of a home page can either engage a customer to go further or shake up the customer go elsewhere. It is imperative for the company or web designer to make the site as interactive as possible to enable businesses gain higher customer retention. Even as advert placement on web sites has become a normal occurrence in e-business world, it is noteworthy to comprehend internet advertising and understand consumer reactions or behaviours to advert placement on the internet. It is a well cognize fact that those who are optimistic about advertising are presum able to be convinced by advertising (Mehta 2000). If a web site is precise effective, it would always encourage first time visitors to the site to make a future purchase of goods or services offered for sale.Since its origin in early 1990s, the social organisation of internet advertising has progressed from banner ads, spam emails, interstitials, superstitials, site sponsorships, and involuntary browser relocations (Yang 2003). Adverts online have consistently come under criticism (Bulik 2000b) and have been often considered as unnecessary and imprecise (Hwang and Kranhold, 2000). It has been argued that on that point is no inter-relation between advertising and corresponding results such as sales or profits (OConnell, 2001).Some Benefits of Online AdvertisingThe superpower of the internet cannot be overemphasised as its reach is global at a fast pace.Online advertising has identified new means of passing personalized messages to be conveyed to specific customers.Most people the se days would rather spend more time online than read a conventional newspaper. As such, businesses are more likely to create a greater awareness from online advertisement.It has the capacity to properly segment customer base as well as measure the impact or effectiveness of an advert.Online advert gives the customer the opportunity of choice based on their knowledge of a companys product or services.Website EffectivenessAlthough a lot of work has been done in the overall area of e-business (Hoffman Novak, 2000 Kauffman Walden, 2001) however, to further drive down the issues with PZ Cussons web site, we would take a look at Nathan Heinz and Quing Hus web site bill effectiveness technique to help analyse their internet advertising application.They classified web site measurement effectiveness technique into three categories which are the interactivity metrics, the development metrics and the service metrics. (Heinz and Hu 2006)Interactivity involves a platform in which customer f eedback is encouraged for optimum performance. It also includes the availability of search engines on the web site as well as live chat or blogs in order to get the customers candid opinion on products or services. It also maintains a entropy base for registered customers. Zhu and Kraemer (2002).Information involves true and precise knowledge on the web site at a particular time. This refers to continuously updating clients with reliable information on goods or services offered for sale. For example the cost of product or services and updating photos of new stock etc. It also encompasses the concept of chasteness of information passed across and gives detailed analysis of product uniqueness and relevance. This, if communicated effectively would go a long way in retaining first time customers. Kim et al (2002) Barnes and Vidgen (2003).Service involves maintaining good customer care operations as well as responding to customer query or issues. It also involves timely processing of online orders and guarantor of online transactions on a web site. It also involves intermediating with social networking sites like face book to maintain an online community for excellent customer service. Barnes and Vidgen (2003) Rust and dirty dog (2001).Analysis Based on TheoryWhen we closely observe the PZ Cussons web site based on these three classes of efficiency measurement, we can see that interactivity level is very low. Site navigation and interactivity are significant factors of system quality for web buyer satisfaction (McKinney et al 2002). in that location is the absence of chat populate to encourage customer interactions of feedback on brands. Though there is a search engine in place it is however limited to the site instead of expanding search capability to other search engines such as goggle.On the information metrics, it has been observed that PZ Cussons does not update its web site quite often to promulgate customers of changes made to products or upcoming ev ents. Liu and Arnett (2000) highlight information provision as a major factor in the success of e-business web sites. PZ Cussons produces a massive variety of brands and with competitors such as Proctor and Gamble and Nestle, a lot needs to be done in call of quality of information and opportuneness of delivery.The service metrics on PZ Cussons web site shows very customer biased attributes as the is the absence of an online register, no avenue for customer registration online so no opportunity for feedback on customer queries on brands, there is also no opportunity for placing online orders so the issue of timeliness of orders does not even arise. quite a clearly, PZ Cussons has been able to develop their brand name over the years but are yet to tap into the vast potentials of the web for a greater market share.BrandingA brand has been viewed as a promise made by a company to its customers and not a name or relation (Sterne 1999). Given the emergence of the World Wide Web and t he revolution in the way business is being done across the globe, it would be expected that the intelligence of brands would come under a new dimension (Rowley 2004). Also, Ward and Lee (2000) suggest that an effective online presence is pivotal to a brands online success.A brands website has the capacity to create an impression on the consumer (Muller and Chandon 2003). From the graphics and pictures to texts on a web page can either attract or put off potential buyers. Chiang, I-Ping (2008) also suggests that brand awareness can be used together with specific consumer requirements and consumer behaviours to better position online brands.Most small and large businesses across the globe today can boast of an online presence. However, creating an online presence is hardly enough as Porter (2001) suggest that creating an online presence at a point in time was a competitive advantage but today a web site requires more competitive and distinctive features in order to achieve competitiv e advantage.The elements of a web site can be classified in different contexts depending on the products or services being marketed on the web site. For instance a car manufacturers website cannot be designed in the same pattern as a fast food website. World brands seek to identify with values that are common to many communities such as safety, style and status and service, which can be classified in different ways in diverse issue contexts (Rowley 2004). However, for the purpose of the analysis of PZ Cussons website we would analyse the pastime elements Logo, Graphics, Colour, Texts, Currency and news (Rowley 2004).LogoA logo presents a graphic language and discipline for the clear, consistent reprimand of a companys visual identicalness (Henrion and Parkin 1967). Although the PZ Cussons brand name has built a reputation for itself in Africa, Asia and Europe over the years, it has done very little to bedevil its logo. Its red, blue and white logo remains in it simplest form. S ome of its leading brands like Venus have become more popular than PZ Cussons as a result of its inconspicuous logo. The logo represents a companys corporate visual identity through official corporate symbol (Balmer 1995). It is believed that a company corporate identity transcends mere symbols and signs but relates more to issues like corporate culture.GraphicsThis refers to visual logos, pictures and other images that may depict a brands values on a website (Rowley 2004). There are not too many graphics on the PZ Cussons web site, the pictures are not holistic and does not reflect the charisma of the company. Also, the Web confine Accessibility Guideline reveals that the PZ Cussons website is exploitation (WCAG WAI) 1.0 (1999) which is an outdated version.ColourThe PZ Cussons website makes use of a white background with red and blue annotates. This is a very common colour combination as millions of websites use this same colour combination. This does not give any uniqueness to the company web page.TextText addresses the tone of voice, and determines whether a message is intellectual, understandable and necessary (Rowley 2004). Text typifies the brands individuality it is the brands vocal cords. The words that are written carry the brands message and the font determines the approach of communication. The PZ Cussons website uses the Calibri body font, and a text size 11. This is considered to be quite small and depicts timidity. The words on the home page are too much and should have been more of pictures and less words.NewsThis refers to allowing visitors to the site access to current news and information relating to products and happenings in the industry. The PZ Cussons web site however, is not being constantly updated. On the PZ Cussons front page, there is a column for latest news, but the news in question are actually stale. A lot needs to be done in that regard.RecommendationPZ Cussons has come a long way since its inception without doubt, with its a cquisition of major companies and continued expansion but yet to tap into the vast view ability of the World Wide Web.A web advert can be for both infotainment and promotional activities (Diaz et al. 1996) however, PZ Cussons seem to only have tapped from using the web as an informative medium thus relegating the latter. PZ Cussons in a bid to further expand the global reach of its company can take advantage of the web and promote its leading household brand to continents like America and Australia, this must(prenominal) however be done with some of the following recommendations.PZ Cussons must realise that its website is its corporate identity to the world and a representation of its corporate image as such should take advantage of that medium to make it web site more interactive with site visitors. It can incorporate the use of live chats and blogs to gather customer feedback on its brands. It can also scoop out the concept of an online register to enable it maintain a database of customers online.PZ Cussons must come to terms with the realities of digitization and begin to open up marketing and sale of its brands online. With the emergence of e-market places, grocery shopping can be done by the click of the mouse. There must also be consistent updates on product offers, supernumerary sales and product information and ensure maximum customer satisfaction.With the advent of social networking sites like face book and twitter, PZ Cussons must build an online community for its customers who can share brand experiences with friends and further expand their network.It is often difficult to distinguish between online and offline branding. However, online branding comes with a lot pros and cons as such it will be reminiscent to highlight the plausibility of online branding and its effect on businesses with an online presence.PZ Cussons operates as a promoter for leading other brands which are distributed through an organised dispersive lineage. The online pres ence merely transmits brand messages and houses information. PZ Cussons would need to take advantage of their online presence build a dynamic approach to marketing its brands online.ConclusionPZ Cussons has to come to terms with the cutting edge of technology. It must parallel its real world brand dominance with that of its online branding experience and as well deliver its promise to customers.PZ Cussons must use their online presence to create awareness for its brands and encourage customer rapport. There is a huge difference between businesses that do not use online channel in marketing their goods and service and those that use the online channel. PZ Cussons must take advantage of both online and offline channels to expand their reach.Given the publicity the internet generates, PZ Cussons can benefit from cost savings spent on television and print media adverts by channelling funds to a single and cheaper advertising channel.

Flow of a Free Air Jet Laboratory Exercise

mix of a Free transport Jet Laboratory ExerciseAn investigation into the structure of a free breeze fount and how its f number is distributed during interaction with its surroundingsSummaryAir gushs have leave aloned the basis for thousand propulsion mechanisms, commonly usaged to provide exploit in kB engines, spacecraft and even particular marine animals. In communicatewave, it is important to handbill an aircrafts velocity, altitude and Mach number in order to proctor performance and determine line of businesss of improvement. In this experiment, a pitot-static subway system system was set up along the axis of a free air jet, and the local velocity of the air jet was deliberate and recorded using measurements from an inclined manometer as the pitot- tobacco pipe was displaced in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The experimental and theoretical results highlighted the same trends, confirming the expectation that as decreased (due to increase displacement) , local velocity, , also decreased. A divergence angle of 10.1 was measured, and the al-Quran menstruation rate varied between 0.0149 m3s-1 and 0.049 m3s-1. establishmentAn air jet is a prig or tube from which a directed pressurised jet of air is emitted. (1) These have provided the basis for jet propulsion producing a thrust in the opposite direction of the jet as demonstrated through Newtons third law. Airs jets are commonly used to provide movement in jet engines and spacecraft, and even certain marine animals have evolved to rely on jet propulsion mechanisms. (2) There are two main types of jet impinging and free. While an impinging jet is directed towards a surface, this experiment is concerned with the interactions of a free, submerged air jet, where the jet is discharged into an ambient gas of similar physical properties. (3)A pitot tube is a embrace measurement instrument used to measure peregrine flow velocity. (4) This is done by converting the kinetic energy of the flow into potential energy (5). Pitot-static systems, consisting of a pitot tube, a static port and the necessary measuring instruments (6), are often used in aviation to determine an aircrafts velocity, altitude and Mach number, as well as having nautical applications in the calculation of boat and vessel speeds. (7)Theory3.1 amphetamineA pitot static tube measures two separate pressures the stagnation pressure,, and the static pressure, (8) Bernoullis equation states that the total stagnation pressure is equal to the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure, . The dynamic pressure is comparative to the density of the concerned medium, , and the square of the local velocity, v, such that (equation 1)If the pressure difference between the stagnation pressure and static pressure is applied to shift the water level of a manometer, equilibrium is achieved when (equation 2)Therefore, by combining equation 1 and equation 2, and assuming = 1.225 kgm-3 and = 1000 kgm-3 , the local velocity in ms-1 quarter then be calculated through the relationship (equation 3)3.2 Flow RateThe volume flow rate leaving the nozzle of a circular air jet, can be considered equal to exit velocity, , multiplied by nozzle surface area, A. (9) This relationship is represented through the equation (equation 4)Beyond the nozzle exit, the velocity cannot be considered constant at all vertical points in the jet therefore, it is necessary to integrate to find the volume flow rate.The expanded profile of the air jet can be considered circular, consisting of a series of annuli areas containing an air flow rate equal to for each respective measured value of velocity and calculated area. This is represented visually in figure 1 below.Recalling the area of an annulus as, where is the radius along the mid-point of the annulus, and considering the asymmetrical profile of the final jet requires separate measurements in each hemisphere, the total volume flow rate can be calculated through (equation 5)Here, is the local velocity at the required radius and is the area of half an annulus, where is the radius at which the velocity was measured.MethodApparatusNozzle of diameter 30mm, to create the uniform circular jet of air to be measured.Pitot-static tube system, consisting of a pitot-tube, static tube and axile scales,to collect the air from the nozzle and carry it to the manometer.Manometer, inclined at an angle, , which holds the liquid and allows for its movement depending on the pressure sheer from the pitot-static tube system.A zero(a), to locate the starting point at which measurements of the wandering distance along the manometer will be taken from.A ruler, to manually measure the distance travelled by the liquid along the manometer, .ProcedureThe zero was adjusted along the manometer to indicate the point at which further measurements with the ruler would be taken from and the pitot-static tube was moved along the apparatus to the origin, at the c entre of the nozzle, where the coordinates corresponded to (0, 0). The air jet was turned on and, after allowing sufficient time to sensitive up, the distance the liquid had moved along the manometer, was measured, using the ruler, and recorded. The tube was then moved along the centreline crossways a series of predetermined distances away from the air jet ( rule Appendix A) up to 500mm the point (500,0) and was again measured and recorded at each interval.The pitot-static tube was then returned to sit 60mm away from the air jet and lowered to a vertical height of -28mm from the origin where was again measured and recorded. Maintaining an axial distance of 60mm, the pitot-static tube was then raised in increments of 4mm up to a maximum height of 28mm and the distance, , measured for each step. This experiment was then repeated at axial distances of 180mm and 300mm, through chains of -50mm to 50mm and -60mm to 60mm respectively, using increments of 5mm in both.Results5.1 Velo city ProfilesThe recorded distances,, for the troika vertical experiments, were then converted into vertical distances, h in this experiment, = 13. The velocities at each height were then calculated using equation 3 and charts of velocity against height for all three axial distances were drawn as shown in figures 3a, 3b and 3c below.5.2 Plan ViewThe divergence angle can be calculated by forming a triangle between the edge of the jet and a line perpendicular to the nozzle boundary see figure 4. For this experiment5.3 Centreline Velocity DistributionThe recorded distances, , for the centreline experiment were converted into vertical distances, h, using = 13. The axial distance, x, was then divided by the nozzle diameter, D = 30mm, and a graph of velocity against was plotted, as seen below in figure 5.5.4 Volume Flow RateAssuming is constant at the edge of the nozzle, the exit volume flow rate can be calculated through equation 4 m3s-1Beyond the nozzle exit, values for, the annul us width, and , the come oner radius, were required to calculate volume flow rate. The values for were 4mm at an axial distance of 60mm, and 5mm at axial distances of 180mm and 300mm, and values for corresponded to the radial-ply tire distances these can be gear up in Appendices B, C and D.victimization equation 5, the volume flow rates were found at x = 2D, x = 6D and x = 10D respectively, and the results displayed through table 1.Axial Distance (mm)Volume Flow Rate (m3s-1)600.019251800.0344753000.048705A graph of volume flow rate against axial distance was then plotted for comparison see figure 6 below.6.1 Structure of the Air JetAn air jet is comprised of three important regions the core, the salmagundi region and the edge or boundary. Within the core, the velocity does not vary significantly from the nozzle exit speed. From the measurements in this experiment, this region exists up to around 180mm along the centreline (see figure 5). Outside of the core, illustrated in figu re 4, the intermixture region is encountered. Throughout this region, the local velocity,, is less than the exit velocity, , due to the reaction of the air jet with the ambient fluid. The edge or boundary of the jet represents the radial distance at which the local velocity is equal to zero at each centreline distance. The edge of the jet increases linearly at a rate mutually beneficial on the divergence angle, measured to be 10.1 in this experiment. This is similar to the universal value for the divergence of a jet of 11.8, which is independent of nozzle diameter, discharge speed or the medium involved. (10)6.2 Diameter of the Air JetFrom the plan view illustrated in figure 4, it can clearly be seen that the air jet spreads out as axial distance increases. This occurs as a consequence of the significant velocity difference between the jet and the ambient fluid, which creates a highly impermanent shear layer at the edge of the jet. This shear layer is subject to large variance in local velocities, generating strong turbulent fluctuations which subsequently get on the ambient fluid into the path of the jet, increasing the mixing of the two fluids. As a consequence of both the turbulent fluctuations and the entrainment of the ambient fluid, the shear layer continues to be pushed outwards as the jet flows downstream. (11)6.3 Centreline Volume DistributionFigure 5, above, clearly illustrates that up to a value of = 6, the velocity along the centreline varies very little, with a range of 0.833 ms-1. This region is known as the core, where. The only source of momentum when the jet exits the nozzle is from the jet itself, as the surrounding fluid is at rest. The absence of external forces acting on the jet suggests that the centreline velocity will remain constant as distance increases. (11) Beyond an axial distance of 180mm, the velocity follows an inversely proportional relationship with distance, decreasing at a rate of (where k is an unknown constant). Thi s occurs when the core of the jet interacts with entrained ambient fluid caused by significant velocity fluctuations at the edge of the jet, decreasing the velocity of the fluid as discussed in section 5.2. Due to the interaction between two different fluid flows, the region in which this occurs is referred to as the mixing region.6.4 Volume Flow RateFigure 6 suggests that volume flow rate increases linearly with axial distance, rising from 0.015m3s-1 at the nozzle exit to 0.049m3s-1 at an axial distance of 300mm. From section 4.4, it is known that the volume flow rate is a function of the jet area and local velocities across the diameter. Due to conservation of momentum, it is expected that as the area increases, the velocity decreases such that the volume flow rate remains constant across all axial distances. However, the increase in volumetric flow is a result of entrainment of the stationary surrounding fluid. The turbulent flow caused by the velocity fluctuations in the shear l ayers contributes to an increased local velocity across the diameter of the jet, increasing volume flow rate.6.5 Experimental Errors and UncertaintiesAlthough this experiment has successfully demonstrated the characteristics of a free air jet as highlighted in this discussion section, numerous errors and uncertainties were still encountered throughout the experiment which could have had a potentially significant effect on the results obtained. One of the or so common sources of uncertainty was the use of a ruler to measure the distance of the fluid along the manometer. This combined human error, due to the estimation of both the zero position and the final position of the fluid meniscus with systematic error, as a consequence of the ruler measuring with an uncertainty of 1mm and therefore, accurate measurements for were not obtained. Similarly, the fixture of the necessary axial and radial positions for the pitot-tube were subject to a similar human error. The fluid in the manome ter also contained several air bubbles prior to the experiment this is a systematic error as it would subsequently affect every manometer distance reading. Therefore, it is possible that the results obtained for could consistently higher than expected due to the presence of these air bubbles in the fluid. The final significant error involved in this experiment was the random error associated with the changing position of the static tube. For a set axial and radial positioning of the pitot-static tube, changing the height and geometry of the static tube caused the manometer reading to alter slightly as well. Although efforts were made to maintain the location of this tube, there is still the chess opening it could have caused sporadic errors in the results.To conclude, the experiment outlined in this report was successful in demonstrating the interactions of a free air jet with an ambient fluid and, subsequently, the effects of the displacement of the pitot-tube on the local veloci ty along the centreline and throughout the mixing region. The decreasing local velocity as displacement increased was found to be a result of turbulent fluctuations causing entrainment of ambient fluid into the path of the jet.In the experiment, the maximum velocity was found to be around 20ms-1 for a distance of 180mm along the centreline of the jet and the divergence angle was calculated to be 10.1. These results were useful in introducing the basic structure of an air jet, which comprises of three main regions the core, the mixing region, and the edge. The slight discrepancy between the measured divergence angle and the universal angle of 11.8 (9) can be considered due to the inaccuracy in measuring the position of the fluid meniscus in the manometer using a ruler, producing potentially unreliable results.The findings from this experiment are statistically insignificant due to the nature of the apparatus used and the unhomogeneous possible sources of error, both systematic, due to air bubbles present in the manometer fluid, and human, arising from the use of a ruler for distance measurements. However, the experiment was useful in demonstrating the interactions of an air jet with its surroundings, as well as introducing the concept of internal structures within a free air jet.1Oxford Dictionaries, Air Jet, Online. operable https//en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/air_jet. Accessed 24 March 2017.2LearningInfo, Which Animals use Jet Propulsion, Online. Available http//www.learninginfo.org/sandbox/which-animals-use-jet-propulsion.htm. Accessed 25 March 2017.3W. Grassi, Impinging Jets, 2 February 2011. Online. Available http//www.thermopedia.com/content/872/ . Accessed 24 March 2017.4Wikipedia, Pitot Tube, Online. Available https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitot_tube. Accessed 25 March 2017.5Efunda, Pitot Tubes Theory, Online. Available http//www.efunda.com/designstandards/sensors/pitot_tubes/pitot_tubes_theory.cfm. Accessed 26 March 2017.6P. Willits, Guided Fl ight Discovery Private Pilot, Jeppesen Sanderson, 2004.7S. Houston, Pitot Static System, 13 October 2016. Online. Available https//www.thebalance.com/aircraft-systems-pitot-static-system-282605. Accessed 26 March 2017.8I. Gursal, Flow of a Free Air Jet, University of Bath, Bath, 2017.9Khan Academy, What is Volume Flow Rate, Online. Available https//www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/fluids/fluid-dynamics/a/what-is-volume-flow-rate. Accessed 27 March 2017.10Dartmouth College, Turbulent Jets, Online. Available https//thayer.dartmouth.edu/d30345d/books/EFM/chap9.pdf. Accessed 24 March 2017.11Anon, Jet, Online. Available https//www.eng.fsu.edu/shih/ attend/jet/jet.htm. Accessed 29 March 2017.

The Impact Of Social Media Marketing Essay

The tell apart to Of affectionate Media Marketing EssayThis assignment discussing just almost the impact of tender media on the way disdaines argon conducted today in terms of technological, economical, political and cultural exchanges brought whateverwhat by these form of new-fashi peerlessd communication. As we know this modern communication program giving impact to businesses today. We dont pee-pee each control to genial media beca use this platform giving users drop outdom to express their opinions, experiences or boththing that they wants. kindly media providing bombastic opportunity to organization to build remedy relation with clients and providing real unmatchable to one communication. clients be now become much particular most with whom and from where they are buying products or services. One of the main reason wherefore businesses must use mixer media is because their competition employ this platform unremarkable as selling strategy. Customers and future clients in same manner use that.Case study on giant restaurant McDonalds showing that horizontal big companies likewise un fitting to control the strength of loving media.Wildfire ROI Survey 2011 review shows that, marketers admits loving media lot them to increase brand awareness and increasing customer relation. rail linees that directly interacting with customers should use brotherly media to increase their tax and increase the brand awareness. legion(predicate) a(prenominal) organizations now start development internal neighborly meshwork which connects their employees all around the world. For pillow slip, Red Robin Gourmet Burgers Restaurants tolerate more than then 460 outlets in America using internal well-disposed network to make sure daily operation getting much better and they become one of the famous restaurant in America. The arrive one world retailer who attain more then 2.2 million employees in 2012, Wal-Mart using social media plat form to streamline supply chains and manage the stocks and inventories more efficiently to reduce the product price.Any products related to social media also helping boost the world economy. Products similar laptops, iPads, iPhones, headphone, head hang and so on which used by customers to access social media received very high demand.Thousands of companies worldwide involved in offering social media services offers thousands of jobs opportunity. virtually Fail Stories of Businesses when Using Social Media is Netflix where they are one of the top internet subscription service for watching movies and TV programs from any countries lost 800,000 customers because avoid listening to customers feedback form social media.Example of Success Companies because of Social Media is KLM Royal Dutch Airlines where successfully enjoy with meet and seat entreat which let the passengers choose the seatmate before board the plane.As a conclusion, Social media promising a lot of opportunities and challenges, so organization must prepare themselves to go about this.What is Social Media?Andreas Kaplan and Michael Haenlein describe social media as a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0 and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content.Social Media contains two words. The first one is Social which means interaction, overlap and so on. An different word is Media where to say that social media is a medium for publication.Social media contains a lot of tools and applications which let the users express their opinion, publish articles, share videos and so on easily.Social Media LandscapeThe chart below shows the social media network landscape. There have a lot of different tools and services which allow users to do almost anything that they want.For publishing articles, opinions, news and so on there have blogs, wikis and citizen journalism portals. chitter is for Micro publication. There ha ve thousands of website that allow users to share videos, pictures, links, music, slideshows and product reviews. Websites like YouTube.com, FlickR and so on are some of the popular sites.To make discussion and sharing ideas or even making complaint about any companies, there have forums, video forums, instant messaging and VoIP. Social Media also allow us to watch world live tv programs or even live football from anywhere in the world. There also have platforms for virtual words, social gaming and MMO.The most popular network on internet is Social Networks like Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn and so on that connecting anybody from anywhere. gibe to Edison Re behavior Survey in 2012 (the still providers of exit polling development for ABC, CNN, CBS, Fox, NBC, The AP and most of newspapers worldwide) says that, more then half Ameri kindle has created profile in any Social Networking websites.Edison Re search Survey in 2012 also shows that nearly two thirds of social networkers are us ing social sites daily.Social Media HistorySocial Media history began in 1969 when CompuServe Company offers internet services for public using dial-up technology in United States. Then in 1979 Usenet become first bulletin board which connects Duke University and University of North Carolina. The development process continuously contemptible until Tripod introduced online community for college students and young adults in 1992. In 1997 there have more then one million sites on the internet including social media sites like AOL flashgun Messenger. Frindster become biggest social networking site in 2002 with more then 3 million users. In 2003 Myspace, Frindster clone site launched and LinkedIn also launched their business-oriented social networking site for professionals. In 2004 Facebook started their operation which offers networking opportunity for Harvard College. YouTube come to the world in 2005 and bring excitements to the world with video sharing features. In 2011 social m edia locoweed be accessed from anywhere in the world and become one of the important thing in our life. Thousands of sites offers social media services in 2012 and all this sites very flexible and atomic number 50 be accessed finished many different devices. Companies are now forced to use social media to make sure their brand of all time in customers mind.Social Media InfluenceAccording to Sir Andrew Likierman, London Business School Dean, social media has completely disrupted the way businesses assess their coifance. This statement is completely true because social media not biger an survival but is a must oddly companies that dealing straightly with customers. Some business discharge completely avoid thinking about social media like wholesalers because they unspoiled dealing with another business. Since social media become more power, organization facing difficulties to measure their performance. They must have specific strategy for social media or even companies could h ave one special unit that handle feedbacks and receipts from user. Any ban feedbacks should grab attention and they have to discuss on how to fight down with any prejudicial comments. Any negative response from customers exit be there on net forever. No way to remove that and because of that, companies that avoid think about social media result fall away some customers.Customers are now become more particular about with whom and from where they are buying products or services. They willing to make online search before making any purchase ratiocination especially for expensive items. Since internet is now more conveniently searchable through smart phones, customer can make search in just a minutes. Thats why companies must have social media presence and put some attention to manage customer response and try to convincing them that the business is reputable and trusted. Social media providing big opportunity to organization to build better relation with clients and providing r eal one to one communication. There have no better advertising then word of mouth. Satisfied customers surely will share to their friends in their social network about their experiences with a particular confederation. If one person shares their experience to his 400 Facebook friends, and that friends spread that news to their friends, the information moves extremely fast. If a video uploaded in YouTube with attracting title like Think Twice before you eat XXX, this video surely will grab thousands or even millions of social medial users. With Share function purchasable almost in any site, in just a second we can share anything to social media community.One of the main reason that we must use social media is because our competition using that daily as selling strategy. If we not use mean we loosing customers. Emarketer says in 2011, the Facebook advertising revenue estimated at 3.8 billion clam and can increase to 5.2 billion dollar in 2012. What does it mean?, this numbers show s that a lot of businesses using social media to make advertising. A lot of businesses have social media networks account. As a go out, competitors are forced to make online presence. They have no option, make appearance in social media or you will lose customers.Another big reason why a business should using social media because their customers and future customers using it. A lot of large number have at lease one social media account like Facebook, YouTube and so on. A business should present their brand where customers are. Traditionally we can see people able shops at conference places like in shopping mall and so on. The same case here where a business should present in crowd place like social media. Million of people using that every day. You didnt show mean, the competitor getting stronger.According to McKinsey, organization that using social media able to increase 50 percent customers satisfaction. They also able to catch 48 percent in business lead and the most importan t is, their profit increase 24 percent.Case Study (McDonalds)I would like to discuss about, what are the impacts of Social Media to one of the worlds popular fast food giant company McDonalds. If we search the word McDonalds on YouTube.com (one of the top video sharing site), there have 124,000 results. Among this results we can found that, thousand of results that showing bad thing about McDonalds. Some of the video titles areVideo with title McDonalds horror got more then 4.2 million views with 8,859 likes. Hundred of the viewers commented on this video and one of the comment is I think I dont want to eat french fries from McD again which got more then one thousand likes. This video showing about McDonalds foods and why some of their food takes long time to spoil.This is how now days people using social media to express their opinions and sharing bad thing about any brands. They are now having power which can influence other people behaviors. People who watching this video then su rely with spread this to their friends, relations and so on. This is real challenge to McDonalds and most of companies.Some competitor also may misuse social media to spreading bad thing about their competitors company. Any people can upload videos showing bad thing about their competitors company and they also may set specific campaign to putting them down. Nobody can damp this kind of behaviors and activities.As response, I see McDonalds showing some effort to explain questions that asked by viewers. McDonalds uploaded some response video. One of the video titles is stern the scenes at a McDonalds photo shoot (with 7 million views and more then 17,000 likes) which explains roots to questions asked by viewers. McDonalds realized the impact of videos uploaded by their customers to their business. If McDonalds didnt do anything as response to videos that showing bad things about them, surely this will impact their business performance and lost huge amount of customers. I found tha t McDonalds still didnt answer many more questions asked by customer through social media. They exclusively answer some of them and huge amount of videos still havent have any answer.In January 2012, McDonalds launched Twitter campaign with hashtag McDStories which let the customers to post nostalgic stories and their experiences with Happy Meals (one of the famous meal sold by McDonalds). As response, customers start to share bad stories about Happy Meals like customer service, food quality. One of their post is just got a terrible burger thats been there four hours. This is one of the fail campaign by McDonalds. As a lesson we must understand that social media offering big opportunity and big risk. Peoples perception and feedbacks is uncontrollable. Companies should have some contingency plan which can be used if any puzzle happens. Even worlds big giant restaurant also unable to control the social media.Measuring the Business Impact of Social Media (Wildfire ROI Survey 2011)Soc ial media is a long term strategy which falls under advertising and public relation investment. When social media combined with other marketing strategies, a particular brand will always at peoples mind.In November 2011, Wildfire (a division of Google) who is worlds largest social media marketing software providers, involved in ROI survey. This survey conducted to over 700 marketers from number of countries. This survey shows that, marketers admit social media helping them to increase brand awareness and increasing customer relations. Over 97% of marketers believes that social media marketing campaign increasing their business performance. As a long time strategy they also want to increase social media spending.This survey also shows that (see take place out 3), social media have power to growing brand awareness and able to increasing sales and partnerships. 41% marketers agreed that this media able to reducing cost that will result in revenue increase.94% respondents ranked Faceb ook as one of their biggest social marketing platform which giving more value to their campaign. Facebook giving more new customers, have high conversion rate and increased customers loyalty.As a summary of this survey we can see that social media changing how we doing business today. Businesses that directly interacting with customers should use social media to increase their revenue and increase the brand awareness. Day to day, social media getting more complex and businesses should start a set long term social media strategy. Big companies can use this media to improve their customer service because they can keep on eye on customers behaviors and react fast.The Impact of Social Media on the Way Businesses are Conducted TodayTechnological Impact some(prenominal) organizations now start using internal social network which connects their employees all around the world. For example, Red Robin Gourmet Burgers Restaurants have more then 460 outlets in America. They are using internal social network which look similar like Facebook to teach their employees and managers about the recipes and how to make them fast. They are no more using traditional ways like send out heap of books to each outlet. They are also no more waiting for feedback when store visit by headquarters and so on. Any problems that occur in any outlet get fast response from headquarters in just in few minutes. Everything becomes more easy and fast with internal social networks. Managers circulate with other managers in other outlet through chat or video conversation function. More exiting news is, they are creating burgers according to customers feedback in social media. As a result, Red Robin Gourmet Burgers becomes one of the famous restaurants in America.More and more companies are now using social media technology to speed up the business process and make sure every job done effectively. The number one world retailer who have more then 2.2 million employees in 2012, Wal-Mart using social me dia platform to streamline supply chains and manage the stocks and inventories more efficiently to reduce the product price. Many banks in America using social media to reduce cost for processing mortgages.SupeValu is one of the company who have number of supermarket chains in America using Yammer (enterprise social network software) to connect all 11,000 executives and store managers. They created 1000 groups in that network to discuss about challenges and discussing new ideas. All store managers are in one group where discussing problems and ideas. Another group of supervisors discussing problem related to their controls. This method is more cost effective rather then holding conflict where participated by all managers.According to McKinsey Co. Survey, they found that two-third of big companies in United States are now using web 2.0 application like internal social networks or blogs, 50% increase from year 2008. 90% of this companies admit that, this new communication way improv ed their operation and the process getting much faster.Eric Lesser, one of the Director at IBMs Institute for Business Value, said that social media make the communication between the worlds professionals with various skills to sharing ideas and solving problems easily.Social media technology lamentable extremely fast. This forcing company to have dynamic police squad which can learn new thing much faster. The software related to social media updated more regularly. The team must always ready anytime to facing new challenges. They must understand the most effective way to use social media which can bring darling result for the company. All this pushing companies to spend more and have specific budget.Social media increased the number of internet users worldwide. From 2008 to 2012 the world internet users increased by 30% according to BBC. This forced internet service providers to finding new ways to speedup the internet connection. This to make sure all business activities can be done much faster, cheaper and in more effective way. Now we can use 4G and Fiber Optic network to send out emails or any services just in second. Conversation thought Skype becomes more comfort without any interruption. More and more companies using latest technology for announce with other people. This is another good impact of social media.Economical ImpactSocial media helped businesses to create product which have high demand and according to customers unavoidably. Customer giving feedbacks which helped many companies to develop their products and services. Companies like Dell using ideas from customers to creating and improving their products. One of the example is created backlit keyboards which is more suitable when working on airplanes. Companies who creating products according to customers needs surely will help boost the economy because high demand to that products.Any products related to social media also helping boost the world economy. Products like laptops, iPads, iP hones, headphone, headset and so on which used by customers to access social media received very high demand. Meg Whitman who is CEO of HP, says that in the past 2 old age the sales for their laptops increased to more then 60%. The dramatic increase mainly because of impact of social media. More and more people using social media now and devices much(prenominal) as laptops receive high demand. Apple, Inc also admits that the sales for their hot product iPad received high demand as a result of social media.Social media also created job opportunities which can help the economy. Social media created thousands of jobs opportunities. Facebook has more then 2,000 employees, Twitter has 300 employees and Groupon employed more then 4,500 workers. This only some figures, there have thousands of companies worldwide involved in offering social media services which offer thousands of jobs opportunity. World economy increased and unemployment rate decreased. Business associated with facebook c reated 232,000 new job opportunity in Europe in 2012 according to the news published by CNN.Social media also created new sedulousness where many people able to make income online. Many people are now enjoying income from home and helped house wifes to generate income to helping their husband while take reverence of their children at home.Social media contributed many benefits to the economy but there also have some negative impact. Entertainment industry especially film industry affected by social media. Film nobles invest million of dollars to make movies. Thought social media sites like You Tube or any file sharing sites, any people can enjoy new movies at no cost. Even though industry players took some actions to reduce the impact, but they unable to stop this operation totally.Political ImpactMany country leaders are now encouraging people to use social media. One of the greatest example is Malaysian Prime Ministers, Najib Tun Razak. He has more then one million Facebook fa ns as well as Tweeter. He sharing a lot of information though his network about his daily activity and so on. As a result, many companies start using social media especially Facebook on their daily operation. Most of businesses in Malaysia have Facebook ID.If we go complicateder about the impact of social media in Malaysia, we can see Lynas Corporation upchuck. Lynas project is from Australian company Lynas Corporation. This company supplies rare earths for many businesses. Many opposition political parties in Malaysia shows protects against this project because they believe this project provide danger for local environments. Malaysian citizen shows protect against this project thought social media. Facebook and many other social networks filled with feedback about this project. As a result government took some action to explain to citizen about this project and promise to esteem back the existence of this project in Malaysia. This in one of the example showing clearly how social media impact governments decision and businesses.Cultural Exchanges ImpactSocial media highly impact most of business aspect. Now many businesses especially who have big number of employees start using internal social networking utilities which makes communication among them made simple. According to research made by Garner, in 2014 it assumed that more then 20 percent of businesses will use internal social networking utilities which will replace email communication now. With internal communication social network, any latest activities by company and so on will know by their employees much faster.Social media impact on human resource process from recruitment, development, career management, mentoring and so on. For example, LinkedIn is a social networking site for peoples in professional occupations. This site has more then 140 million members. Many organizations using this site to search for real talent peoples. Many HR sections using LinkedIn nowadays for recruitment where this site offer many tools that can be used to view full profile and so on. Companies also posting jobs at this site. This site opens new way to search for talented professionals. Professionals enjoy sharing their experiences on this site.Social media sites also used by companies to evaluate their employees and future employees. For example, after Human Resource department conducted interview for job openings, they will search candidate details through social network sites such as Facebook to examine whether that candidate suitable or not or has any bad things about them. This is one of the way how human resource department are now evaluate their candidate.Social networks like Facebook extremely giving big impact to world culture. We could have friends from many countries and communication with them able us to understand about their culture. Businesses now try to explore new markets. Companies like KFC and McDonalds try to localize some of their foods. Using customers feedback from socia l network, these companies try to add some local foods from that particular country together with their main menus. Nasi Ayam which is one of the Malaysia local foods available at KFC. They also try to add foods from other countries to local market.Social media useful to trading companies. If they found Iranian drink getting popular in Malaysia, they start importing these drinks to be sold at Malaysia. The ideas are come from customers feedback from social media. Now we can enjoy foods and dresses which belongs to other culture available at local market.Some disadvantages of social media to companies is, social media will give negative impact to workers productivity. Employees may wasting time to engage with their friends rather then doing the work that they should do. Now days we can see many employees using social network in office hours especially when their bosses are not around.Some Fail Stories of Businesses When Using Social MediaNetflix is one of the top internet subscriptio n service for watching movies and TV programs from any country. They have more then 27 million subscribers in America, Canada, United Kingdom and Ireland. When they increased their monthly subscription price, customers showed their protection through social media with more then 82,000 negative comments. Next month they lost 800,000 customers. As we can see companies can use social media as one of the platform to evaluate whether any decision that they made which is relating to customers. Any negative response must get fast attention from organization.In 2012, giant car maker Toyota launched Camry Effect Campaign on Twitter to promote Camry. They has created number of Twitter account. This campaign is designed for directly communicate with users but what happen is, big number of users start to accuse Toyota because bombarding and spamming then with many unsolicited messages. As response Toyota suspended their accounts. Until now this campaign well known as fails campaign. The main pr oblem with this campaign is, not because Toyota Spamming then but the content of the messages that they send out is not attracting. They also are sending same messages content over and over. They are only sending promotional messages which not help to build relationship with users.Example of Success Companies because of Social MediaKLM Royal Dutch Airlines in well known as one of the largest airlines in the world. They able to attract future customers in unique ways and convert them as paying customers. They really clear about what customer wants and they believe customers paying for journey. They started social media in 2009, after some failure they come out with very controversial successful idea. They made join forces venture with social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter and so on and created tool which can help passengers to choose seatmate before board the plane. This campaign named meet and seat. afterward passengers choose the seat mate, they can communicate with them using social networks like Facebook before they meet at flight. This one of the great idea KLM where utilizing social media and give ultimate experience to their passenger.Disadvantage of Social Media for BusinessA successful online presence especially in social media, a company needs an go through team which can improve companies reputation. Social media becomes unique and able to drive a lot of sales when they engage with their customers. This mean they have to reply messages, comments and so on. Pushing sales without engaging with customers or not respond to negative feedback will damage the companies reputation. We also must produce new contents and always find out ways to overcome to any negative feedback.There have thousands of sites in social media which can be used to our business benefit. Is not easy for evaluate which site we should pay attention more and which site gives real value for investments. Return on Investment evaluation process is not an easy with social media .Wrong online presence strategy will damage the companies reputation and put them at a viral social disadvantages. Any drop off they make in front of thousand of fans or social media members will result in big reputation impact. So we must careful when perform social media campaign.Using social media marketing and advertising campaign could be more time consuming because we have to watch out every activity that we should do and engaging with people.Advantage of Social Media for BusinessThe advertising cost is much more cheaper then traditional advertising and promotional activities. Social media also gives full value for every penny we spend. Traditional advertising only show the brand to the customer but with social media we can build long term relationship through Like function and can get their email address for send future emails.Future customer able to find our brand through many channels like sharing activities, news, search engine search result and so on which give us aband on advertising. Social media can bring huge amount of traffic to our content especially when that content grabbing their attention. This what we can call free traffic or free customers.Social media allows customers to express their experiences to others. A satisfies customers surely can bring another new customer though sharing experience activity. This also able to motivates companies to do the best as they can because consumers are now have freedom to express their views and feedback without any blocks. Companies will improve their products and services to customers.ConclusionSocial media gives deep impact to the business world today from small companies to big giant companies. Social media landscape is big and the system and technology continuously growing and changing everyday. Companies who using and presented in social media enjoying big benefits. Some companies received negative impact. Social media not longer an option but is a must especially companies that dealing straight ly with customers. Social media promising a lot of opportunities and challenges, so organization must prepare themselves to facing this.

Leonardo da Vincis The Last Supper Essays -- Art Painting Religion Es

Leonardos close Supper is a priceless piece of art with much hidden nub and obvious talents bestowed upon a wall. Under the study of Verrocchio as a painter and a sculptor, he was able to use his skills in creating a very fine and a very naturalistic piece of work that would be remembered for hundreds of years. He was also able to create characters with amazing individuality. Not only was his portrayal of the characters magnificent, just the symbolism he used which emphasized the story being told in the Last Supper. Lodovico Sforza chose Leonardo to create The Last Supper in the refectory of the Dominican Church of S. maria delle Grazie in Milan. The Abate of the S. Maria delle Grazie saw Leonardo work from morning until night on The Last Supper without eating. Although, there were times he would stop pictorial matter for days at a time or, he would work on a specific character for just a few moments and then resign to continue working on it later. He worked on it from 1495 thr u 1498 (Strauss, 27). Before Leonardo began painting the actual portrait, he put down a substance which was read to absorb the tempora and protect the tempora from the moisture on the wall. Unfortunately, the substance was proved unsuccessful, and by 1517 it began to deteriorate. In May 1556 a painter Giovanni Batista Armenini said that the painting was so staidly affected that nothing is visible but a mass of blots(Heydenreich, 18). The painting has continued to decay in the following centuries. It was further damaged by restorations make by careless artists and by the addition of a doorway put in the lower part of the painting. Yet even to this day his painting The Last Supper is widely known and visited by many tourists each year. ... ...ical movement and mental emotion by the pause between two great emotions which are the momentarily stiffening at an extreme point of excitement and at the horror of being startled out of tranquility (Heydenreich, 67). The painting portrays bot h expression and emotion. This faction complements each other. The expressions allow the viewers to see the emotions the characters are feeling. Their frozen movement allows one to see they are human. We can see both their outward and inbound reactions. It is as if Leonardo had been there, and he had taken a picture of the marvelous meal. He definitely accomplished his goal in portraying his Last Supper as a realistic piece of art. The symbolism, the individualized personalities of the characters, and the skills such as the light perspective and spacial perspective blended together to form a photograph-like painting.

How does Hardy elicit sympathy for the three main characters? :: Free Essay Writer

How does Hardy elicit savvy for the three primary(prenominal) characters?doubting Thomas Hardy has an extremely clever way of obtaining almsgiving for acharacter. Hardy has specific ways to elicit sympathy by varying thelevel of sympathy he gives to character. He either gives sympathy tosomeone or takes it away from a character so more sorrow seems to beon another. He also uses powerful language to strengthen his pointsand finally he shows sorrow from a characters point of view. He usesthese techniques on the three main characters (Rhoda, husbandman posit andGertrude) exceptionally well. We first see Farmer Lodge in his gigwhile bringing his new wife Gertrude to Holmstoke. He sees his son only completely ignores himOne of the neighbourhood. I think he lives with his mother a mile ortwo off. (Page 4)Gertrude asks Farmer Lodge who the boy is except he totally disregardshis son and does not even bed the child. He does not eventell his new wife that the child is his son. We give h im no sympathyfor this cruel act as he should view at least greeted the youngster.In comparison, Farmer Lodges son looks up to himMr Lodge, he seemed pleased, and his waistcoat stuck out, and hisgreat golden seals hung like a manufacturers (Page 70)It seems his son wants to get to know his father and holds him in highregard as his description of Farmer Lodge is rather flattering. Hardyhas make Farmer Lodge seem unfeeling and not caring about his son. This is another drive not to feel sorry for Farmer Lodge.Farmer Lodge ignores Gertrude and her needs because of her witheredarmHalf a dozen years passed away, and Mr and Mrs Lodges marriedexperience sank into prosiness, and worse. (Page 19)She needed his help and support but s money box he ignored her. This iscruel as he marries her and then ignores her. It is wrong. Hardyportrays him to be bitter and heartless and therefore he receives nosympathy what so ever.At the difference, Farmer Lodges character changes, he tries to make up f orhis previous behaviour and how he ignored his son by setting up areformatory for boys he went away to Port-Bredy, at the other end of the county, livingthere in solitary lodgings till his death two years later of painlessdecline. (Page 33)Hardy uses strong words such(prenominal) as painless decline which givesatmosphere about the seclusion he lived in. It is clear that FarmerLodge wants to make up for his previous behaviour by setting up thereformatory and giving a lilliputian annuity to Rhoda.How does Hardy elicit sympathy for the three main characters? Free Essay WriterHow does Hardy elicit sympathy for the three main characters?Thomas Hardy has an extremely clever way of obtaining sympathy for acharacter. Hardy has specific ways to elicit sympathy by varying thelevel of sympathy he gives to character. He either gives sympathy tosomeone or takes it away from a character so more sorrow seems to beon another. He also uses powerful language to strengthen his pointsand finally h e shows sorrow from a characters point of view. He usesthese techniques on the three main characters (Rhoda, Farmer Lodge andGertrude) exceptionally well. We first see Farmer Lodge in his gigwhile bringing his new wife Gertrude to Holmstoke. He sees his sonbut completely ignores himOne of the neighbourhood. I think he lives with his mother a mile ortwo off. (Page 4)Gertrude asks Farmer Lodge who the boy is but he totally disregardshis son and does not even acknowledge the child. He does not eventell his new wife that the child is his son. We give him no sympathyfor this cruel act as he should have at least greeted the youngster.In comparison, Farmer Lodges son looks up to himMr Lodge, he seemed pleased, and his waistcoat stuck out, and hisgreat golden seals hung like a lords (Page 70)It seems his son wants to get to know his father and holds him in highregard as his description of Farmer Lodge is rather flattering. Hardyhas made Farmer Lodge seem unfeeling and not caring about his s on. This is another reason not to feel sorry for Farmer Lodge.Farmer Lodge ignores Gertrude and her needs because of her witheredarmHalf a dozen years passed away, and Mr and Mrs Lodges marriedexperience sank into prosiness, and worse. (Page 19)She needed his help and support but still he ignored her. This iscruel as he marries her and then ignores her. It is wrong. Hardyportrays him to be bitter and heartless and therefore he receives nosympathy what so ever.At the end, Farmer Lodges character changes, he tries to make up forhis previous behaviour and how he ignored his son by setting up areformatory for boys he went away to Port-Bredy, at the other end of the county, livingthere in solitary lodgings till his death two years later of painlessdecline. (Page 33)Hardy uses strong words such as painless decline which givesatmosphere about the solitude he lived in. It is clear that FarmerLodge wants to make up for his previous behaviour by setting up thereformatory and giving a small an nuity to Rhoda.