The Sugarbusters Diet :: Science Scientific Medical Essays

The Sugarbusters DietHistory of the Sugarbusters Diet superstar of the Authors, H.Leighton Steward, began eating bad foods such as steak, lamb, and stop after fifteen years of obstaining and found that his cholesterol dropped by fifteen percent and triglycerides by fifty percent. Baffled by this, steward talked to his doctor more or less the possibility that insulin must have been provoking the liver to produce cholesterol. His doctor, Bethea, another author of the book enthusiastically agreed. He sighted proof by explaining that insulin injections in diabetics tend to elevate cholesterol levels (Steward,Andrews, Bethea & Balart, 1995). Pledge of the Sugarbusters Diet. The diet will allow for most foods to be eaten in normal quantities or possibly larger ones. One will be able to eat many foods which have been considered non-diet, such as meat, cheeses, and nut. The foods to be avoided will be any foods which stimulate large amounts of insulin to find out blood sugar. Sugar is ta rgeted, not fat, as the culprit for extra pounds (Dawson, 1997). By simply doing this, one can get slimmer and healthier simultaneously (Steward, 1995). One author, Dr. Balart, up to now states that the diet is easy. He believes that after two to four eld on the diet the desire for sweets will disappear and after ten to fourteen days they will be intolerable(http//www.sugarbusters.com80/balofe.html). Following the DietThe basis of the sugarbusters diet is to trim fat by eliminating extra sugar. Sugarbusters states that lowering extra sugar is achieved by avoiding white rice, white bread and refined pastas. Other foods to be avoided atomic number 18 carrots, beets, and bananas. Dieters should instead eat foods which are high in protein such as nuts, steaks, eggs and also some fruits, vegetables and whole grain cereals and breads (Steward, 1995). The discerning factor between which foods can be eaten and which can not depends on the particular glycemic index of the food. Glycemic indicationThe glycemic index is the classification of food based on their blood glucose response relative to a starchy food, usually white bread. A glycemic index is figure as the weighted mean of the glycemic index value of the individual carbohydrate food, with the weighting based on the the proportion of the total carbohydrate contributed by to each one food(Wolever, Nguyen, Chiassen,& Hunt, 1994). In total there are nearly six hundred separate entries including values for most common Western foods, yet these are not available on the Sugarbusters web site.

Skins: A whole new look on everything :: Peter Dykstra Technology Essays

Skins A whole new look on everythingConcept Background Dykstras concepts of linear programming and modularity take on a whole new look. Peter Dykstra the father of linear programming suggested that anything that could be done in programming could be done with a combination of three basic procedures.Sequence- procedures performed in a linear order Decision- Expressions evaluated to determine between two routes of action. Repetition- The ability of a machine to perform an operation millions of generation a second. In order to clean up the commonly used spaghetti code of the times, Dykestra then proceeded to say that all code should be divided up into chunks related to a specific tasks called modules. The idea was that by abstracting these modules into black boxes that with well-defined input they would perform their tasks and generate predictable output. This would allow a programmer to not know anything about the modules he was using except what goes in and what comes out and still be able to use it. This modular thinking was eventually utilize to a graphical user interface interface, but is still not widely utilized. What is a skin?The term skin was first coined by a MP3 player called xxx-AMP. The GUI interface of a program is modulated and broken out from the program as explained in the previous paragraph and given the ability to be swapped with some other skins to change the entire appearance of the program. Would you ever guess them to be the exact same program? Would you ever guess the creators of these GUI interfaces were not paid to do it, or necessarily even professionals? My first introduction to a program that had some characteristics of skin like behavior was a shopping cart program with a Look and Feel Module that they had made public to great success. Groups of users would congregate around their site and support each other by swapping egotism generated custom modules and knowledge on how to create them. However it was far from eas y and involved more Perl than hypertext mark-up language or graphics work. How Does it work?Skins in the hypertext markup language world follow the same concept. A skin is a simple HTML page with special hooks for the CGI (or ASP, etc.) to connect to. For example in the HTML a variable that must be replaced with output from the CGI would be named $$varname This will cause the tag to be replaced with the CGI Perl variable $varname.

Mystical Experiences :: essays research papers

Mystical or Spiritual experiences occur everyday in so many ways for so many diametric people. Some people tend to encounter these experiences through religious rituals or even just on thoughts of life itself. Whatever the thoughts or feelings may be, everybody has such an experience sometime during their life. Could the feelings that some may have be reactions in the brain or acts of God to help us realize our faith, and discover impudent mysteries that may lie ahead of us? Hearing many stories of different individuals can give us new insight into the beliefs of others and of ours as well. My first interview involved my grandmother, Elizabeth Barajas. She stated that she has had many spiritual experiences in life. She was brought up in a catholic educational system throughout her whole life and was embossed by a very strict mother that had a firm and strong belief in God and faith. My grandmother chose to talk to me about my bulky grandmother, her mom, Esther P. Kelly. My gre at grandmother unceasingly attended church and would pray constantly during the day and night. My grandma was always curious as to why her mother was always praying. All through out childhood she would just watch my great grandma pray and do other religious acts of worship. When she became an adult she was finally fitting to ask my great grandma why it was that she prayed so much and how it came to be. My great grandmother answered by saying that she knows God can hear her prayers. She then give tongue to that while she prays she can no longer hear any outside interference or anybody else speak. She said it feels as if she is in a secluded sick place all by herself and that she has conversations with God. She said that sometimes she doesnt even feel the touch of my grandma when she needed something. My great grandma also attended mass just about every day and she loved to sing along with the choir. According to my great grandma, she feels a chill down her spine when she sings an d she feels a sort of heavenly and peaceful presence around her. She said that she would get so caught up in the moment that she would forget all about her ad hominem problems and the problems that awaited her outside the church doors. For some reason, my great grandmother had spiritual experiences or feelings whenever she was involved with her beliefs and rituals.

Holmes Is Made Possible By Watson. :: Free Essay Writer

Holmes Is Made Possible By Watson.private investigator Holmes is one of the most common characters in literature. Iread the three stories The Speckled Band, The Engineers Thumband The Beryl Coronet. I have looked at how the stories werestructured, Dr Watson as the narrator, language used in the storiesand the difference between Dr Watson and Sherlock Holmes as charactersin the stories.Most crime fiction stories are structured in the same way. SherlockHolmes stories usually employ this structure the crime is committed,an investigation is launched, a solution is thought up and anexplanation is given. This structure is used to build up suspense andkeep you reckon what happened until the end, when it is revealed. Anexample of this is in The Engineers Thumb, where the crime wasreported to Holmes, Holmes then investigated the crime, by makingobservations and deducing he reveals the solution and finally explainshis solution to the characters and readers.Dr Watson is vital in the structure of the stories because he is aneye-witness throughout all the cases. Holmes explains his theories andmethods to him, so Watson is in the readers position. This is becausehe obtains information from Holmes and writes it as the narrator forthe readers.As the narrator, Watson eye-witnesses the investigations and tells us every(prenominal) development in the cases. Watson also enables Holmes to explainhis methods, the explanation to each case and how he solved it. Forexample where it says in The Speckled Band, There is no mystery, mydear madam, said he, smiling. The left arm of your jacket issplattered with mud in no less than seven places. The marks are perfectly fresh. There is no vehicle save a dig-cart which throws upmud in that way and then only when you sit on the left-hand boldness ofthe driver. Holmes makes a deduction from the fresh mud on her leftarm that she had come in a dog-cart. This is achieved by Watsonallowing Holmes to convey his method.Every time that Holmes explain s something to Watson, another(prenominal) clue isrevealed to the reader. He does this by explaining in detail to Watsonand the readers in detail. An example of this is in The EngineersThumb, as fast as the horse could go. iodin horse? InterjectedHolmes. Yes, only one. Did you observe the colour? Yes It was achestnut. Watson makes all this possible, just by narrating TheAdventures of Sherlock Holmes.Holmes and Watson are two very different characters, Holmes is thedetective and Watson is his sidekick. This makes Sherlock look

Women Nominized and Winners of the Nobel Prize :: essays research papers fc

CONTENT1.ALFRED BERNHARDT NOBEL2.HISTORY OF THE NOBEL PRIZES3.CRITERIA FOR AWARDING THE PRIZE4.WOMEN NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS5.WOMEN NOMINAZED AT THE NOBEL PRIZES6.CONCLUSIONS-HALL OF FAME OF THE NOBEL PRIZES AND THEIR ROLE7.BIBLIOGRAPHY axiomWith most sincere appreciation and respect, I thank Mrs.Chira Carmen for the valuable advises she gave me in the process of this projects elaboration.I also express my gratitude for the attention and weather she has given me throughout the time.CHAPTER IALFRED BERNHARD NOBELSwedish pill roller, engineer, and industrialist who invented dynamite and other more powerful explosives and who also founded the Nobel Prize, Alfred Bernhard Nobel was the fourth son of Immanuel and Caroline Nobel. Immanuel was an inventor and engineer who had wed Caroline Andrietta Ahlsell in 1827. The couple had eight children, of whom only Alfred and three brothers reached adulthood. Alfred was prone to illness as a child, but he enjoyed a close kind with his mother and displayed a lively intellectual curiosity from an early age. He was interested in explosives, and he learned the fundamentals of engineering from his engender. Immanuel, mean succession, had failed at mingled business ventures until moving in 1837 to St. Petersburg in Russia, where he prospered as a manufacturer of explosive mines and machine tools.The Nobel family left Stockholm in 1842 to join the father in St. Petersburg. Alfreds newly prosperous parents were now able to send him to private tutors, and he proved to be an eager pupil. He was a competent chemist by age 16 and was fluent in English, French, German, and Russian, as well as Swedish.Alfred Nobel left Russia in 1850 to spend a year in genus Paris studying chemistry and then spent four years in the United States working under the direction of John Ericsson, the builder of the ironclad warship Monitor. Upon his return to St. Petersburg, Nobel worked in his fathers factory, which made military equipment during the Crime an War. After the war ended in 1856, the company had difficulty switching to the peacetime production of steamboat machinery, and it went bankrupt in 1859.Alfred and his parents returned to Sweden, while his brothers Robert and Ludvig stayed behind in Russia to salvage what was left of the family business. Alfred soon began experimenting with explosives in a small laboratory on his fathers estate. At the time, the only dependable explosive for spend in mines was black powder, a form of gunpowder. A recently discovered liquid compound, nitroglycerin, was a much more powerful explosive, but it was so mercurial that it could not be handled with any degree of safety.

Rebellion of 1837

Dannicah S. Blk 2. 3 anarchy of 1837 After learning ab show up the move of 1837 and constantly taking notes, I established the ascent was not successful in overturning the judicature provided it did unite two pep pill and scorn Canada together. This was satisfactory to wages away any differences of the two cultures, slope and French. The blow did not happen nowadays as int wipe protrudeed though. In event it god the giving medication to get back at the reformers and concentrate more(prenominal) on their penalisation such as transportation, hanging, flogging and deaths for the rebels, rather of working on fixing the colony.You lot recite that Canada had a serious political problem that was in desperate neediness to be improved. When the Chateau Clique and the reformers squared bump off against each other, the British did nothing to moderation tension. They appointed James Craig, an anti-French as regulator incisively to arrest those who criticized the government and brought sol di ers to appal the French. The French Canadians disapproved of the British democracy and represent it very(prenominal) difficult to accept. There were umpteen reasons why many French Canadians resented the government.Three authorised ones were because of how discriminative economic aloney and politically the government was of their language and culture, how they were given unequal taxation, and for their inadequacy in power over the government. Although, this all happened in demean Canada. The rebellion in Upper Canada was to bring an American ardour democracy because they, as puff up as the battalion in Lower Canada, believed that their government were discriminative against the French. The reason why I believe the rebellion in some(prenominal) Lower and Upper Canada was unsuccessful because they did not impart any reasonable stir on any British colonies presently.To write down with, the anarchy in Upper Canada fai take miserably because of their lack of array experience. M a ny rebellions were killed during contend and several were arrested. Some even fled to America, they were no match for the British. This rebellion would have been more successful if the Catholic Church participated entirely church draws advised parishioners to pose loyal to the British. The rebellion in Lower Canada ended quickly. The rebellion in Upper Canada also did not turn out so good as well since the British military overpowered them.Even though Mackenzie, leader of the Upper Canada rebellion, took time to train his rebels and plan, the full-length event all just led to deaths and arrest of many patriots. Mackenzie also get away to America where he gained supporters there. In the end the British government continued to harness of Canada where they concentrate on discussing major penalty for the rebels. In my opinion, the leaders who led the rebellion of both Upper and Lower Canada were very similar. They could motivate emotions with words but they had no idea how to organize th eir supporters into affective forces.Eventually, Britains ways of administrating the colonies would have to change. John Lambton, the Earl of Durham, a reformer politician, realized the whole cause of the rebellion was the appointment between the incline and French. He then proposed that Upper and Lower Canada should be unite. In conclusion, the whole Rebellion was not successful as intend since the impact did not happen immediately but when Lower and Upper Canada was united it developed a new country. However, both leaders of the Rebellion returned to Canada eventually and were considered heroes by some and other as troublemakers.

Case: Birch Paper Company Essay

As sh feature in the calculations above, northern should accept the ask in from Thompson discrepancy as it has the lowest make up if all take out termss within the alliance were calculated at make ups. Incurring the lowest costs would also enable Birch Paper Company to draw in the highest profits possible.2. As alternatives for sourcing exists, Mr. Kenton should be permitted to choose the alternative that is in Northern partitions own interests. Thetransfer price policy gives him the right to like with either insiders or foreignrs at his discretion. If he is unable to get a satisfactory price from the inside source which is Thompson voice, he is free to buy from outside.Mr. Kenton, carriage of the Northern class should not accept the bid from Thompson division. The three bids from Thompson division, West Paper Company and Eire Paper Company are $480, $430 and $432 respectively. Accepting the bid from Thompson division would be accepting the highest bid amongst all thre e offers (highest costs). This would result in the lowest profits. As the Northern division is evaluated as an investment center, it is judged independently on the basis of its profit and return on investment. Mr. Kenton should not accept the bid from Thompson division.3. The method of using transfer price to decide whether to in source is optimal if the selling profit center can sell all of its products to either insiders or outsiders and if buying center can obtain all of its requirements from either outside or insiders. The market price then represents the opportunity costs to the seller of selling the product inside. In this case, Thompson division had been running under capacity and southern division also had pleonastic inventory. The transfer price of $480 offered by Thompson division does not represent the opportunity costs of selling inside as on that point is no demand market for the product outside. Also, the transfer price of $480 is higher than the market price whic h is around $430. Deciding establish on transfer price will not induce goal congruence as the situation is not ideal.Without any intervention from the frailty president of Birch Paper Company, the Northern division would most(prenominal) probably accept the lowest bid from West Paper Company. This might result in the highest profits for Northern division exactly it is not in the best interests of Birch Paper Company. Accepting the bid from Thompson division would boost demand for the two early(a) divisions. The losses cut would most probably be more than the costs saved by Northern division which is $50 ($480-$430).The vice president should give specific orders to Northern division to accept the bid from Thompson division. However, as the transaction in this case represents less than 5% of the volume of any of the divisions involved, it might not be possible for the vice president to intervene other transactions when similar problems arise.4. Ideally, when there is an availabili ty of market price, the division should map it. However, Thompson used a cost-based transfer price instead. Cost-based transfer price should only be used when the market price is not available. The problem with Birchs transfer pricing system is that they allow from each one division to set their own price freely which is inline with the associations policy to decentralize responsibility and authority. When each division can set their own price, conflicts and disagreements can occur on a frequent basis and each division could make decisions that only benefit their own division rather than the company as a whole.Firstly, we look at the transfer price that Thompson quoted. It is about $50 more than the market price. This shows that their price is not competitive enough. Thompson is operate below capacity and yet it quoted a price which is higher than the market price. The reason given was that anything less than $480, they will not be able to earn a profit and also, given that they did not get any profit from developing the product for Northern, Brunner feels that they are entitled to a good markup. This is inconsistent with the expectation that the division must meet the market price if they wanted the business. Market price should be used as it reflects how well is the division doing as compared to competitors.The amount of upriver fixed costs and profits that are included in the final price that was sold to the outside customer could be substantial if Thompsons bid was accepted. And Northern might not be willing to reduce its own profit to optimize company profit. Hence, Thompson, if unwilling to follow the market price blindly, could use the two-step pricing to calculate their transfer price. That is, transferring the goods to Northern on standard variable cost on a per unit basis and fixed cost and profit on a lump sum basis.In this way, Thompson will not be transferring majority of their fixed cost to Northern because they are operating on excess capac ity. But of course, this method must be discussed with Northern.It was mentioned that Southern quoted the market price to Thompson even though they are operating on excess capacity. This will not pose a problem as the market price reflects the demand and supply situation of the market and is adjusted automatically by the demand and supply. Also, account must be taken into of the fact that Thompson will not be able to get a better price from other outside sources as most will follow the market price too.The underlying problem of the transfer price system could be that each division is judged based on profits and return on investment. This causes the division to over-emphasize on profits and encourages goal incongruence. Each division aims at achieving short-term profits so as to look better in the companys eyes. In their bid to achieve a high profit figure, they fail to optimize the companys profit as a whole. This will affect the company long-term profits.Hence, the company should n ot just assess each division based solely on financial figures like profit and return on investment. The company should assess them based on other non-financial things like quality so as to divert the divisions emphasis on profits. In addition, the company should allow the divisions concerned to negotiate between themselves as they are the ones closest to the situation, rather than just asking the divisions to meet the market price.

Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma Essay

One very debatable estimable plight in like a shots society is mercy killing. euthanasia, like any otherwise medical treatment should be seen as a choice. As a society, there are obligations to the down in the mouth that should be up held, but chastely and legally may not be supportable. in that location are many aspects that go with this choice besides the obligation. There are also stakeholders to consider as well as social values, morals and religious implications. Euthanasia is Greek for good expiry which translates into English as easy death or mercy killing. It was accepted by the ancient Greeks and Romans. Three Asian religious traditions accept euthanasia Buddhism, Shintoism, and Confucianism. It was rejected by the 3 main monotheistic religions Christianity, Judaism and Islam. It has its supporters and opponents in all countries. Two types of diligents are involved in euthanasia (a) a patient in a persistent vegetal state who is awake but is not aware of self or t he environment.Such a patient has no higher brain functions and is kept awake(p) on artificial life support (b) patient in last(a) illness with a lot of pain, mental suffering and loss of dignity. The patient may or may not be on life support. There are different types of euthanasia. dissembleive euthanasia, an act of commission, is taking some action that leads to death like a fatal injection. nonoperational euthanasia, an act of omission, is letting a person die by taking no action to maintain life. Passive euthanasia can be withholding or withdrawing water, food, drugs, medical or surgical procedures, resuscitation like CPR, and life support such as the respirator. The patient is then(prenominal) left to die from the underlying disease. Some judgment of convictions a distinction is made between normal nutrition and hydration on one hand and medical nutritional support involving intravenous and naso-gastric feeding on the other hand. Euthanasia can be by the patient or by th e health care giver. Euthanasia can be unbidden when the patient takes the decision, non-voluntary when the decision is made by another person for an unconscious patient and involuntary when the decision is made inverse to the patients wish.There are ethical implications of European and American arguments for and against euthanasia. Two arguments are made for active euthanasia (a) mercy killing because of pain, psychological and physical suffering (b) the utilitarian argument is that euthanasia is desirable because it relieves the misery of the terminally ill. Two arguments are made against activeeuthanasia (a) killing is morally wrong and is forbidden by religion (b) unexpected cures or procedures may be discovered to reverse the terminal condition. Nurses are the gatekeepers of the healing facility, although they may reach their own outlooks based on their own ethical, cultural, and religious views (LeBaron, 2010). There are always value conflicts when it comes to euthanasia, w hich can be demonstrated by examining utilitarianism and rights. The nursing get along should be to keep patients alive, do no harm, do everything possible to save the life, and do good to everyone by respecting the right or autonomy of the undivided patient.Although about of Americans presently think that physician-assisted suicide should be legal and no existing federal laws prohibiting the practice of euthanasia in United States, voluntary/assisted euthanasia is yet considered illegal and killing in all of the States but in Oregon, Washington, and concisely machine translation (Webster, 2009). First, Oregon and recently Washington passed a Death with lordliness Act and are actually the barely places where euthanasia in terminally ill patients is legally and openly authorized (Blizzard, 2012). In 2009s Baxter v. Montana case, the Montana Supreme Court declared that no law in state constitution stops patients from practicing voluntary/assisted euthanasia (OReilley, 2010). An y time the general assembly can act to join Oregon and Washington in the public arena. According to both States laws, an adult competent patient must address common chord witnessed solicitations, two verbally and one in writing, to his/her attending physician for a fatal medication. Then the patient administers the dose on her/ his own.Obviously, the Death with Dignity Act unambiguously bans assisted euthanasia that obliges another person than the patient to take part in administering the medication (Exit International Australia, 2012). As euthanasia is observed from a diversity of different perspective, the stake holders opinions are considered. In front comes the patient who wishes and requests to discontinue her/his life in respect to human right to select the time and manner of death when she/ he is terminal ill by stopping unwanted, burdensome and/or futile medical treatment. Other people entrusted with the euthanasia dilemma complicate physicians/healthcare professionals, t he family, insurance companies, religious groups, and the government. The second stakeholder is families that tolerate to admit and follow the desires of their loved one to die in nobility. The involvement in this benevolent of decisionmay be an unbearable load for some families who would be would be either not ready to let their darling one go, which could deliver a catch-22 mainly if they are bending patients wishes, or emotionally scarred by the death.Other stakeholders in this situation are physicians and other practitioners who might come across a real impasse because the euthanasia breaches the do no harm Hippocratic Oath. The insurance companies may drive the patient in opting for death to conserve the money on an individual who does not hope of staying alive. Some religious groups are against euthanasia and consider it a suicide. at long last the government intervenes in the stake holder in this state of affairs in defensive position for citizen from illegal measures. Vo luntary/assisted euthanasia is an ethical dilemma, and creates issues and disagreements amongst those involved (Gore, 2012). Netherland and Belgium are the two countries in the world to legalize euthanasia. In the US, Oregon and Washington also legalized euthanasia. The main barriers to legalize euthanasia are the government, religion, fear, culture and the media. More religious people are against euthanasia.Education also plays a major role in euthanasia. The more education a person has he/she believes all individuals have the right to autonomy and therefore the person has the right to decide to end their life. Euthanasia has pros and cons. Pros include relief from pain, relief from low eccentric or vegetative state of life, relief from financial strain on health care system and the resources can be used for other people. The cons include family members can kill another family member if they dont like them or reduce financial burden, loss of respect of human life and accord to r eligious view God can only choose when to end life. In Euthanasia legalized countries, such as palliative care nurses in Belgium have important roles and responsibilities in working with euthanasia requested by patients and their families. The nurse involvement starts when the patient requests to euthanasia and ends by supporting family and loved ones.They are in key positions to provide valuable care to the patient and family. Nurses assist the health care team after the life threatening procedure. Pain management and pouf care are their main goals at that time. Nurses are open-minded and have unique relationships with the patient and family. In the twentieth century, a number of social and technical changes made euthanasia a morally acceptable choice to growing numbers of people (Wells, 2006). There are twotypes of ethical theories that are qualifying to be focused on. The first is utilitarianism, which is an action that is morally correct if its consequence is good for the grea test numbers. It generally focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number, and neglects the individual rights. The other theory is called deontology, which takes into consideration the way something is to be done and not vertical on the consequences of that action. One may tell a lie to the doctor, just to save a friend but doesnt think of the grave consequences they have to suffer later on.A person making a voluntary euthanasia uses the utilitarianism theory when making such a judgment. One might choose to voluntarily do euthanasia if the person has reached an all-time low and the only other option is to the act. The person has to have thoroughly thought about the consequences and make sure his or her judgment is not biased or is not taken personal. There are certain conditions that apply for one to request voluntary euthanasia. Conditions are an unlikelihood of recovering from a cure, suffering from a terminal illness, and most importantly, they must have a voluntary wish t o die. As can be seen by the multiple views of the authors, euthanasia is not an easy content to side on. Due to many religious beliefs, one may feel euthanasia is wrong. But as a nurse that sees suffering every day, this very(prenominal) person would support euthanasia if not condemned by his/her religion. With the support of the do no harm belief, it can also be construed that assisting in euthanasia is not doing harm, but preventing harm for those with chronic severe pain. There is no nationwide movement for the majority of the states to legislate for euthanasia, but thankfully there are two, soon to be three compassionate states that have in-acted this law.ReferencesBlizzard, R. (2002). Right to die or dead to rights? Retrieved from http//www.gallup.com/poll/6265/Right-Die-Dead-Rights.aspx?version=print Euthanasia The nurses role (2011). Issues in nursing. Retrieved on 10/3/12 from Nursing students 417.wordpress.comExit International Australia (2012). Death with Dignity in Ore gon (soon to be Montana. Retrieved from http//www.exitinternational.net/page/USA Gore, J. (2011) Stakeholders in Euthanasia. Retrieved fromhttp//jacktgore.edublogs.org/2011/08/03/stakeholders-in-euthanasia/ LeBaron Jr, G. (2010). The morals of euthanasia. Retrieved October 3, 2012, from http//www.quantonics.com/The_Ethics_of_Euthanasia_By_Garn_LeBaron.html Purtilo, R., & Doherty, R. (2011). Ethical dimensions in the health professions (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO Elsevier. Task Force on the Nurses Role in End-of-Life Decisions, 2011. (2011). Journal of Social Work determine and Ethics, 8(1). Webster, B. (2009). Assisted Suicide/Voluntary Euthanasia. International debate education association. UK. Retrieved from http//www.idebate.org/debatabase/topic_print.php?topicID=55 Wells, K. R., Frey, R. (2006). The gale encyclopedia of nursing and allied health ed. In J. L. LONGE (Ed.), (2 ed., Vol. 2, pp. 993-996). DETROIT, GALE

Hawthorne’s Display of Evil Essay

Nathaniel Hawthornes works The cherry Letter and immature Goodman dark-brown are books classics. Hawthorne thoroughly portrays his main themes and ideas in these works. Both of these works illustrate the effects of evil-minded on the human race soul. Through Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter and Young Goodman Brown we can clearly see that evil causes people to judge other people, evil corrupts ones faith, and that evil has the power to transform the human soul. In The Scarlet Letter we see just how much evil causes people to judge others.Hawthorne effectively shows this through his character of Hester Prynne. Since Prynne committed the sin of adultery, she is constrained to stand upon a scaffold in front of the whole city of Boston to be questioned and scolded. One of the townsmen said to Chillingworth, The penalty thereof is death. But in their great mercy and tenderness of heart they have doomed Mistress Prynne to stand only a space of three hours on the platform of the blare an d wear a mark of shame upon her bosom. (Hawthorne p. 4) This quote shows us that the publics opinion on Hester Prynne has now forever changed.She is forced to wear a scarlet A upon her bosom to let everybody know exactly what she has done. The evil she has committed has greatly affected everyones point of view on Hester Prynne. evil can harm a person in multiple ways. Another way it can harm you is by causing you to lose your faith. In Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, we see Goodman lose his faith in multiple things. He loses faith in God, in his family, and in all of the people who he associates with. piece the Devil leads him into the forest, Goodman sees many familiar faces.He recognizes the faces of his wife, Faith, and he excessively recognizes the faces of the priests in his town. Though Goodman Brown is not sure whether it was a dream or not, he is convinced that evil is all around him. While in the forest, the Devil says, By the sympathy of your human hearts for sin, ye s hall scent bring out all the places whether in church, bedchamber, street, field or forest (Hawthorne p. 613. ) Since he has heard the Devils word and witnessed these familiar faces, Goodman Brown has forever been changed.Evil has taken a price on Goodman Brown, and it has caused his faith in his wife, family, and associates to be corrupt. One of the worst things evil can do to a human is transforming their soul. Hawthornes story of Young Goodman Brown illustrates this concept thoroughly. Goodman was transformed by evil in many negative ways. Before his meeting with the Devil in the forest, Goodman believed his whole family and his whole town to be very godly and he felt that he was living a great prosperous life.After his meeting with the Devil, Goodman had a negative outlook on everything in his life, he trusted no one but himself, and he lost trust in everything that he had going for him in his life. Hawthorne displays ways that evil can transform the human soul in The Scarlet Letter through his character of Chillingworth. Throughout the story, Hawthorne displays Chillingworth as the man in black also known as the Devil. Chillingworth, Prynnes actual husband, goes through many changes in the story. His figure begins to change dramatically, making him look more evil.Chillingworth also desires to seek out the man who is the father of Pearl. He wants to find him because he wants to make sure that the man does not expiate of this sin. They people of this story believed that if one did not repent for a sin, then he or she would go to Hell. Chillingworth was not an evil man before he knew about the child. However, after the evil was committed against him, he began to turn evil, and wished the worst for the minister, the father of Pearl. It is apparent that the evil in both of these stories took a toll on both of these mens souls.Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter and Young Goodman Brown both effectively display how evil can cause people to judge other people, how evil corrupts ones faith, and how evil has the power to transform the human soul. Though evil has always been apparent in every day society, Hawthorne is attempting to influence us to always file to your faith. No matter how bad the sin you commit is, God allows repentance for all sins. Hawthornes works are persuading us to never lose hope or give up on our faith.

A Note on Cheerleading Essay

Cheerleading. When you hear that word, what do you think about? Snobby, skinny blonde girls that have nonhing else to do in demeanor besides smile and play out short skirts?Well, when I hear that word, I think of confident, courageous and athletic young women who have a chance to be someone else on a gym floor. Cheerleading is full of so many a(prenominal) opportunities Ive been a cheerleader for four years and it has done so many things.But before that all happened, my life was just simple. I was nervous to talk in crowds, my face turned red when people wanted to speak to me, and I acted shy in many other ways. I wouldnt say I was a nobody. I mean, I was a somebody, but just not a positive, talkative school-age child who enjoyed attention.In 7th grade, signing up for cheerleading was a hassle. I didnt want to sign up all by myself.So I positive(p) some of my friends to sign up with me. Unfortunately, they quit right before try-outs because they werent that interested anymore. So basically, I felt all by myself. But I hung on. I cheered all the cheers, chanted all the chants, stretched all the stretches, and jumped all the jumps. Cheerleading was fun. It changed my life in just three months. I felt as if I was flood tide out of my shell. But more was to come freshman year.Signing up for cheerleading in freshmanwas easy. But it was the wait for the season to actually start that was aggravating Eventually, cartridge holder slowly came by and it was , 2009, the first day of practice, and that was a wake-up call. There was a new, more professional coach, and only one girl from last year was congest to be on the squad. So it was time to meet other people for a change and make more friends.New cheers were being taught from the captains of the High instill Cheerleaders. Who knew that Id get the highest score in try-outs and become head captain? Well, I did, and a captain is supposed to lead everyone. Thats what let me be myself. I was able to help everyone u nderstand what to do, when to do it, and stand in front of a crowd by having a different constant than the other non-captains on the team.Games are my favorite. Just running onto the floor is a rush, and I plan to do that for at least four more years. Yes, I want to be on the High School Cheerleading squad Im confident I will make it, and Im not scared to try. The high school coach has been to some of our practices and I could tell she was impressed. I guess I have to wait a year to go across what she says. GO, BULLDOGSAs you can see, theres been a drastic before and after. Before, I was a shy girl who wasjust average. Now, Im a young woman who has a good sense of self-confidence

Models of decision making Essay

When we speak of rational behavior, we should remember that our focus in this discussion is non on make stopping points, except rather on how to support the process of making decisions. Managers ar agitate agents, not just decision pull aheadrs, so the steps before and after a decision atomic number 18 as important as the actual choice of action. Preparatory steps include creating tension for change, instinct the positions of the various constituencies, and developing political support for a chosen action. Steps after the decision include naming the change monitor and identifying the monitoring methods.Therefore, the rush of good information system is broader than just collecting data to make a choice. Designers of information systems must understand not only how managers think but also how the decision process will be implemented in the managers environment. An information system that is well design is an information system that is used.Thus, an information system, in ord er to be useful, must be implemented. To understand the execution process better, we review tierce ideals of organizational decision making rational, administrative, and political.The Rational Model. The rational sham of decision making was introduced earlier in this chapter. It is based on the logic of optimal choice the choice that would maximize value for the organization. The manager is assumed to be an objective, totally informed person who would select the most efficient alternate, maximizing whatever amount and type of output s/he values. We can total the rational choice process as follows 1. An individual is confronted with a number of known alternative courses of action. 2. Each alternative bears a set of possible consequences.These consequences be known and are quantifiable. 3. The individual has a system of preferences or utilities that permits him or her to rank the consequences and choose an alternative. There is no empirical support for the contention that these three phases are actually used. In reality, managers seldom have the time or money to analyze all alternatives or envision all consequences.If rationality were present among members of an organization, the organization would appear as a coherent and rationalpolicy-making entity that maximizes the attainment of a unique set of goals and has no internal conflicts. In early(a) words, a rational decision process implies a rational organization. A rational organization is an organization that has (1) centralized power, (2) harmony and consistency of goals across boundaries, and (3) members who are objective, fully informed, and inclined to choose alternatives that maximize the common good of the organization.The rational model represents a sanitized vision of how organizations make decisions. In reality, organizations often seem more like complex groups of coalitions fighting for shares of limited resources, and using multiple sources of information with varying reliability to achie ve a set of fluid goals. Individuals in spite of appearance organizations typically have widely divergent perceptions and goals and act to maximize their own gains, not necessarily those of the organization.Because of this disparity between the rational model and reality, we prefer to gestate the rational model primarily as a benchmark for comparing the remaining two organization decision-making processes. In searching for a more pictorial description of how organizations make decisions, we turn to the satisficing, or administrative, model.The Administrative Model. The quest for a more realistic description of organization decision making produced a random variable called the administrative model. This model sees decision makers as people with varying degrees of motivation who are besieged by demands but have little time to make decisions and thus seek shortcuts to find acceptable solutions. Under the administrative model, a decision maker does not try to optimize but instead sa tisfices treats objectives as loose constraints that can tighten if there are many acceptable alternatives that fulfill those constraints.While optimization would require choosing the alternative with the highest value, satisficing requires finding the first alternative with an acceptable value, that is, an alternative with a value above a minimally acceptable level on a tending(p) constraint. Assume you had a car you wanted to sell. If you listed your car for $2,500 and had 10 offers, you could choose with either method. With the rational method, you would moderate which offer had the highest value in terms of conditions and price. With the satisficing model, you would accept the first offer that met your net acceptable price.Satisficing may lead to a reduced decision quality, but it saves time and effort. Satisficing is a dynamic construct the aspiration levels of the manager and the number of alternatives determine what is a feasible, good enough solution. It has been pointed out that satisficing is an appropriate (i.e., rational) strategy when the cost of delaying a decision or searching for further alternatives is high in congeneric to the expected payoff of the supposedly superior alternative.When you take into accountation the costs related to ex black marketed search, it is questionable whether the optimum procedure is to search for the optimum value. When a decision has been reached and the solution to the problem implemented and found to be acceptable, then the organization institutionalizes the procedure used to solve the problem into astandard operating procedure (SOP). standard procedure are rules, programs, and routines that are call on the carpetd by managers to gain time and to avoid the task of solving a problem from scratch each times it appears.Sometimes managers invoke those standing operating procedure when the organization is facing a similar but not identical problem to the one that the SOP originally solved. Since SOPs are often processes that worked once but nobody is quite sure why or whether it was the best way to solve the original problem in the first place. SOPs are not always the time-savers they are supposed to be. Once implication of having rationally bounded decision makers in organizations is that organizations cannot be seen as single entities. Rather, problems are broken down and assigned to specialized units within the organization that develop their own priorities and goals.These goals, sometimes termed subgoals, may not agree with the organizations boilers suit goals. This phenomenon has been called local rationality.3 Using the perspective, organizations could be viewed as constellations of loosely allied units, each having a set of SOPs and programs to deal with its piece of the problem. As time passes, these units baffle more distinct and their subgoals more entrenched. These divergences are enhanced by increasingly distinct perceptions of priorities, information, and uncertainty they are further reinforced by recruitment, rewards, and tenure.When these tendencies are very(prenominal) strong, the loose alliance of organization units breaks down into organized anarchies. In the extreme case, coalitions are created with conflicting interests. This leads us to the political model of rationality. You should note that the term political does not imply that this model is only relevant in the public(government) sector rather the term applies to a type of organization that may follow in any industry or industry sector.The Political Model. In contrast to the rational model, players in the political model (often referred to as incrementalists) do not focus on a single essence but on many intraorganizational problems that reflect their personal goals. In contrast to the administrative model, the political model does not assume that decisions result from applying existing standard operating procedures, programs, and routines. Decisions result from bargaining among coaliti ons. Unlike in the previous models, power is decentralized.This concept of decision making as a political process emphasizes the natural multiplicity of goals, values, and interests in a complex environment. The political model views decision making as a process of conflict resolution and consensus building and decisions as products of compromise. The old adage, Scratch my back and Ill scratch yours, is the dominant decision-making strategy. When a problem requires a change n policy, the political model predicts that a manager will consider a few alternatives, all of them similar to existing policy.This perspective points out that decisions tend to be incremental that managers make small changes in response to immediate pressures instead of working out a clear set of plans and a oecumenical program. This incrementalist approach can be seen as the simplest or most extreme form of satisficing. The incremental approach of the political model allows managers to reduce the time exhaust ed on the information search and problem definition stages.Incremental decision making is geared to address shortcomings in present policy rather than consider a superior, but novel, course of action. In the political model, the stakeholders have different perception, priorities, and solutions. Because stakeholders have the power to veto some proposals, no policy that harms a properly stakeholder is likely to triumph even if it is objectively optimal. Our purpose in reviewing these models of organizational decision making is to highlight the realities of decision making that must be acknowledge when developing or acquiring information systems.If the designer of an I/S assumes that the rational model is a valid representation of the way a given organization is being managed when in fact the political model is a more valid description, s/he may encounter serious implementationproblems. For example, access to information can be very sensitive issue, since in politics, information is power.If managers discover that once a new information system is implemented they will no longer have access to certain data, it is quite possible they will resist the implementation effort. When we consider the issue of organizational decision making, it is important to recognize that the structure of the organization has a strong influence on how and when information is communicated and who gets involved in what decisions. We now turn our attention to the issue of organizational structure.

Fire Department Essay

Mission Statement To prevent and minimize the loss of life and property threatened by the hazards of dismissal, medical, and rescue emergencies, unwarranted materials incidents, and disaster situations within the community. History Prior to the 1956 incorporation of Fremont, the area was comprised of five large unincorporated communities Irvington, Mission San Jose, Centerville, Niles, and Warm Springs. Each of these communities had its own volunteer kick up department and elected its own Chief Officers. Originally, the departments were just hose cart operations.When the City of Fremont incorporated in 1956 it had a population of 22,493 and it immediately implemented a Public Safety department. Two years later on, the Public Safety department was disbanded, and the Fremont Fire Department was formed. At that time, the Warm Springs fire station was only staffed amidst the hours of 800 a.m. 500 p.m. When the sole firefighter on duty at the Warm Springs station went home, he would answer a hot line at his home for any emergencies, then respond to the fire station to activate the siren, summoning the other volunteers. When they arrived, they would respond together to the emergency. Slowly, throughout the 1960s, all firehouses began staffing 24 hours a day. In 1969, volunteer firefighters were pushed out and full time paid firefighters staffed all stations. Individual stations history1. Station 1 at the corner of Mowry and nautilus was built in 1963 and provided coverage for the central business district. 2. Once the home of the bustling movie company Essanay Studios, Niles became the home to the present Station 2, which was built on Second Street in 1952. 3. Station 3, in the Irvington District, was first built in 1939 on Washington Boulevard, then relocated in 1979 to its present order on Chapel Way. 4. The district of Mission San Jose housed Station 4, first located on Anza Way in 1954, then welcomed its relocation at Pine and Paseo-Padre driving with a grand opening on Saturday, June 23, 1990. 5. Warm Springs Station 5, first situated on Warm Springs Boulevard in 1946, was rebuilt in 1992 at the comparable location but turned on the property to now be assigned a Hackamore Lane address.6. The Centerville Station 6, built in 1954, became the fire department headquarters when the City formed in 1956, and housed the dispatch center until 1963. After more than five decades of faithful wait on, Fire Station 6 was decommissioned in January 2009 and a new Fire Station 6 was welcomed into service on Central Avenue. 7. Station 7, built in 1964 at the corner of South Grimmer and Durham, provided coverage for Fremonts industrial area. Today, it includes a classroom which is used by the Explorers for continued training. 8. To keep up with the building boom of the early 70s, Station 8 was constructed on Darwin motility in 1971. Originally, the building was planned for just two years of use but stayed in service for an additional 35 years.Th e Darwin Drive firehouse was finally retired from service in 2008 and replaced by the new Station 8 on Fremont Blvd. 9. Station 9, located on Stevenson Place, was placed in service for the first time at 1033 p.m. on April 27, 1992. Engine Company 9s first incident occurred 20 minutes later when they responded to a request for medical aid at the Fremont Jail. 10. Dedicated on November 3, 1990, and followed by a grand opening on Saturday, January 19, 1991, Station 10 on Deep Creek Road complemented the existing coverage in north Fremont. 11. In 2010 Station 11 was completed. Located in the industrial area of Fremont on Gateway Blvd. This new multi-million dollar station is currently out of service do to understaffing.

Manhunt: Rhyme and War

Poetry Essay Manhunt How does Simon Armitage display the feign that war can give upon a family relationship within Manhunt? Simon Armitage displays the impact that war can have upon a relationship by using a large range of systems to make the meter interesting. The initiatory technique that he uses is ambiguity. He uses this in the title Manhunt. Its metaphoric meaning is about the relationship surrounded by the man and his wife and how she tries to find her husband again after the war has acquiren him away from her. She feels standardised she has lost him even though he has just returned.The poem is written in get-go soulfulness and from the perspective of the wife to betoken how she feels about her husband returning back from the war. When Simon uses the phrase after the first phase this implies that this only the beginning of the journey that is about to take place. It also implies that this is a long offshoot and that she is trying to take it step by step. The phrase s and handle and holdand mind and attendand finger and pitch are the like those apply in wedding vows only they have been altered so that it shows the vows that she is repetition have changed because her husband has changed.I think it means that she feels like she is marrying her husband again because he is not the alike(p) and she is getting to know him again after the impact of war and the long time apart. There is a constant repetition of the excogitates only then which tells us how long this journey was taking. It puts emphasis on time that this takes and shows us that though the poem is slight the journey being told took much longer. It also shows us how restricted their relationship had become as it is no longer as free as it was out front her husband returned.The phrase Only then would he let me shows us that her husband is really loth(p) to her coming close to him. He does not want her to feel the hurt and the pain that he is feeling. He feels like he has let his wi fe down. The lines and feel the hurt of his grazed heart are short and this brings out the intensity and the words. The word grazed is more than just physical as it has been grazed emotionally as well. I think it shows us how extreme the impact of the war has been on the relationship as it has hurt him in more ways than one.The phrase bind the struts is used to make it seem like a ladder and it seems to me like these words are used to dehumanise him. This technique is also used in the phrase punctured lung as though he is not human anymore. The war has had such(prenominal) an impact on this man that he is no longer human, even to someone as pregnant as wife who knows him so well. It shows how negative the impact of war can be on relationships. The construction of the poem is quite simple. It is written in couplets which signify that they are a couple and it highlights the intensity of their relationship.Armitage uses enjambment where the lines run on in parallel of frozen river w hich shows the depths of his pain and the wifes attempt to look those depths. The rhyme scheme of the poem is AABBCDEFGHIJKLMNOPPQRSTUV. There are some rhymes in the poem but in that location are more half-rhymes. This is an irregular rhyme scheme and it signifies that as the rhymes are broken, so is their relationship. The phrase the spring silk is a metaphor and shows us just how delicate this man is after war has changed his life, his body and his relationship with his wife.It also shows us how tentative his wife is and how careful she has to be when she is with him. In the last line of the poem there are two commas used and this is a technique used to elongate the sentence and show how slow the journey is. It shows us the journey is slowing down and how the whole process is not very fast at all and though we can not be sure of the time nosepiece of which all this happened over we can be sure that it was very long. The phrase scarring back to its source uses the method of sib ilance where the sound of the words is very sinister and it sounds very eerie.The phrase sweating, unexploded mine shows us that the word unexploded gives it the potential to explode. It shows us that the impact of war has a lasting effect. It also shows us that though it hasnt exploded the journey for the wife could take even longer than expected if the worst readiness possibly not have come yet. The repetition of the word and shows us how repetitive the wifes mission is to fine her husband because she is going over the same steps continuously and it might take much more time than she wishes it would.

Burger King & Television advertisements for its products

A good promotion can servicing in increasing the sales and bad promotions reduce the market share. The message strategy of Burger King should be to create a bombination among the youth with shrewd marketing tactics. The prime strength of Burger King is to leave a customized burger, however weird it might be. This can be the biggest leverage point as divers(prenominal) customers may have different demands with very few or no one to cater to them. They should non go for the main stream promotion such as Television advertisements for its products.Among the youth the culture of retentiveness in touch is via webmail. So using this mode would prove to a greater extent effective considering the fact that youth comprises the bigger consumer chunk. Crispin might not have a very easy and smooth sailing locomote while developing this message and in ensuring that consumers understand the message correctly. In order to create buzz Crispin has to develop an image for Burger King which symbo lizes the youth. Hence the message should be such that it does not seem to be too commercial and uncool. They need to succeed in surprising the audience which would create the buzz jumper lead to exposure. Crispin is required to create a message that can gain attention, hold interest, arouse desire and distill action. BK should use a spokesperson which represents the youth and they can easily identify themselves with MTV personalities or persons from prevalent Rock Bands can be used as spokesperson for BK as MTV is one of the most watched channels among the youth and they also love to listen to Rock Bands.BK should spend the money on an corporate Advertising Campaign. By not directly promoting BKs product they created a buzz which leads to more promotion than directly promoting the product which is too obvious and does not appeal the site audience. Major way should be on webmail and the advertising should be capable of creating a buzz. This would lead to the maximum penetrati on among its target customers which is the youth. Works Cited Page Philip Kotler, Marketing Management, Millennium Edition, Pearson Education Publishers, Delhi, 2000

Neorealist and Neo-Marxist Approaches to Globalization Essay

Neo-realism correspond to Jackson and Sorensen (2003), the leading contemporaneous neorealist thinker is undoubtedly Kenneth Waltz (1979). His start point is taken from somewhat elements of classical and neoclassical, such as independent nominate existing and performing in an anarchical multinational form. Waltzs Theory of multinational Politics (1979) seeks to provide a scientific explanation of the external political system. A scientific possibility of internationalist relations leads us to expect the reliable image that states to behave in predictable ways. In Waltzs view the best IR theory is a neo-realist systems theory that foc riding habits centrally on the mental synthesis of the system, on its interacting units, and on the continuities and changes of the system. In classical realism, state leaders and their subjective valuation of international relations are the center factor of valuation. In neorealism, however, the structure of the system, in disjointicular th e relative distri hardlyion of power, is the central analytical focus.Actors are less important because structures check them to behave in certain ways. Structures more than or less determine actions. Chris Brown (2001) in his throw Understanding external dealings states that once we concentrate on the system we can see, he suggests, that in that location are just two kinds of accessible system a hierarchical or an anarchical system. The line mingled with hierarchy and anarchy is crucial to Waltz the present system, he claims, is obviously anarchical, and has been since its late gothic origins (Brown, 2001). In hierarchical system, different kinds of units are organized and adjusted under an absolute assigner of authority. Meanwhile, in an anarchical system, units which are the resembling in nature, even though they differ severally in capabilities, melt down relations with one a nonher. States, to some extent, are alike in all basic functional respects. In spite of th e variance in cultures or someonenel or ideologies or constitution, they all perform the same basic tasks.All states have to collect taxes, conduct foreign policy, and so on. States significantly differ only in regard to their gravidly varying capabilities. (Jackson and Sorensen, 2003) In their book World politics in the twenty-first Century, Duncan, Jancar-Webster and Switky (2006) stated that Waltz agrees that people by nature are self-fish and that they are driven by a hunger for power. But Waltz no longer considers power an end in itself. States, in his view, hunt power for the sake of survival. For Waltz, the single most important property of the international system is the inaccessibility of central governing institutions. Overall, neo-realists agree with the 3 following points stated. First, states stay the main(a) actors on the world stage. The briny target of all states, however, is not power entirely survival in a dog-eat-dog environment.Second, the primary difference between states is not different goals but their own particular capabilities to influence the course of international events. The in conclusion thing to note is neo-realists believe that the unequal distribution of capabilities characterizes the structure of the international system and shapes the ways states interact with one another. As stated above, Waltz takes classical and neoclassical realism as a starting point and develops some of its core ideas and assumptions. For example, he employs the concept of international anarchy and focuses absolutely on states. He also concentrates on the core feature of anarchical systems of state power politics. He assumes that the key and necessary concern of states is security and survival. He also believes that the major problem of great-power conflict is war, and that the major task of international relations among the great powers is that of peace and security.In addition, with Waltzs neorealist theory, decentralization of anarchical str ucture between states is the elemental characteristic of international relations. International change takes place when great powers rise and fall and followed by the shift in the balance of power (Jackson and Sorensen, 2003). The international system is a self-help system states are induce to look after themselves, because thither is no one else to look after them. Waltz does not assume that states are pursuing the increase in their power and the importance of them between others states, necessarily aggressive body, but he does believe that they desire to preserve themselves.This means that they are obliged to be considered with their security, national denial and obliged to regard other states as potential panics (Brown, 2001). Waltz believes that bipolar systems provide more perceptual constancy and thus provide a better guarantee of security and peace than multipolar systems. With only two great powers, both can be expected to behave in a way to prolong the system (Waltz, 1 979). That is because in maintaining the system they are maintaining themselves. According to that view, the Cold War was a period of international stability and peace. (Jackson and Sorensen, 2003)Neo-MarxismThe writings of Karl Marx (1818-83), according to Mingst (1999), are fundamental to the Marxist school of thought, even though he did not directly state all the issues that are today encompassed by Marxism. The theory of Marx on the evolution of capitalist economy based on sparing change and class conflict the capitalism of nineteenth century atomic number 63 emerged out of the earlier feudal system. In capitalism, private interests control the labor forces and market exchanges, creating enslavement from which certain classes try to free themselves. A clash inevitably will rise between the controlling, capitalist worldly-minded class and the controlled workers, called the proletariat. It is from this violent conflict that a new socialist localize is born. Contemporary interpr etations origin with the works of Marx, but they have veritable ideas in quite different directions. Sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein (1930- ), for one, associates history and the rise of capitalism, in what is cognise as the world-capitalist system perspective.Mingst (1999), claimed that at each stage of the historical progression, Wallerstein determines core geographic areas where developments is most advanced, the agribusiness sector being able to support enough sustenance for the industrial workers. He identifies peripheral areas as well, where raw materials are extracted for the developed core and where unskilled labour is mired and suffer in less-productive activities. Thus, for Wallerstein and his enthusiasms, as for most Marxists, attention is embedded on the changes in the spreading phenomenon system of capitalism. No political abidance can be explained without reference to the elemental structure of capitalism if there is one thing which differentiates a world-system p erspective from any other, it is its insistence that the unit of analysis is a world-system defined in terms of frugal progressions and associations. Mingst (1999) also claims that another group of Marxists scholar assumes the primacy of economics for explaining almost all other phenomena.This clearly distinguishes Marxism from each realism or bragging(a)ism. For liberals, economic interdependence is one possible clarification for international cooperation, but only one among any other features. For realists and neo-realists, economics factors are one of the elements of power, one component of the international structure. In neither theory, though, is economics the determining factor. In Marxism, on the other hand, economic factors are believed to be primary importance. Antonio Gramsci (1891 1937) was a Sardinian and one of the founding members of the Italian Communist Party. Gramscis work has become especially influential in the study of International semipolitical Economy. Ho bden and Jones (2008) have been discussed Gramscis legacy, and the work of Robert W. Cox, a contemporaneous theorist who has been influencing in introducing Gramscis work to an International Relations audience.Gramscis theory revolves around his use of the concept of hegemony. Neo-Gramscian international political economy presents the most prevailing Marxist theory in the contemporary international relations discourse. On Gramscis readings, consent is created and re-created by the hegemony of the ruling class in community. It is this hegemony that allows the noble, political and cultural values of the dominant group to become widely spread throughout society and to be accepted by subordinate groups and classes as their own. The concept of hegemony composes the central analytical category to escort history of world orders with a view to construct counter-hegemonic prescriptions against them. In contrast to realism, which introduce the definition of international hegemony based on the concentration of material power in one dominant state, neo-Gramscians claim that liberal international hegemonies are based on the universalization of particular state-society complexes, maintained in the main by consensus establishment between hegemonic and hegemonized states, rather than on crude power politics alone (Reus-Smit and Snidal, 2010).Neo-Gramscian thought entered international relations primarily through the work of Robert Cox, who acquired categories of analysis from Gramscis writings and applied them to international relations. Hegemonic power is conceptualized as a mutually irreducible configuration between different schools of thought, beliefs, institutions, and material capacities that are widely agreed as legitimate. Social forces, states and world orders are inter-connected as dialectical wholes, bound together in world hegemonies. (Reus-Smit and Snidal, 2010). The person who has done the most to introduceGramsci to the study of world politics is the Canadi an scholar Robert X. Cox. (Hobden and Jones, 2008).He has developed a Gramscian access that involves both a critique of prevailing theories of International Relations and International Political Economy, and the development of an alternative scheme for the analysis of world politics. Cox draws upon Gramscis notion of hegemony and transposes it to the international dimension, line that hegemony is as important for maintaining stability and continuity here as it is at domestic level. According to Cox, successive dominant powers in the international system fulfill their interests by shaping a world order that suits them, and have done so not only as a result of their forceful capabilities, but also because they have managed to introduce broad consent for that order even among those who are disadvantaged by it (Hobden and Jones, 2008).The neo-neo beliefs on globalisationAccording to Marxist theorists, the globe has long been dominated by the single compound economic and political su bstances a global capitalist system which has constantly incorporated all of kind-heartedness within its grasps. Within this system, all components have always been interdependent and interrelated. The increasing of multinational corporations surely does not signify any noticeable change in the structure of the modern capitalist system. Rather, they establish part of a long-term pattern towards the further integration of the global economy. The understanding offered by the Marxist theorists suggests that there isnt anything natural or inevitable about a world order based on a global market. Rather than accepting the inevitability of the present order, the task facing us is to lay the constructions for a new way of organizing society a global society which is more just and more human than our own. (Hobden and Jones, 2008)Most neo-realists believe that globalization has not changed the game of international politics such(prenominal) at all. States might require more expertise and resources to maintain their sovereignty, but neo-realists think most evince suggests that states are increasing their spending over a wide variety of areas. Waltz (2000) recognizes that state remain the primary force in international relations and has spread its power to efficiently manage the processes of globalization. What neo-realists are most concerned with is the new security contends demonstrated by globalization.Neo-realists are considering the uneven nature of economic globalization. Inequality in the international system may be the most significant security threat in the future. People without food are desperate to seek change, and often that will be a violent change. Economic globalization can also emphasize existing differences in societies, creating instability in strategic areas, thereby challenging world order. Another group of neo-realists would react that forces of globalization might challenge sovereignty. Nonetheless, states have not lost their authority and c ontrol. Yet, globalization has had a significant influence on domestic politics and the present power structures. (Lamy, 2008)ReferencesBrown, C. (2001) Understanding International Relations. Hampshire Palgrave Macmillan. Duncan, W. R., Jancar-Webster, B. and Switky, B. (2006) World Politics in the 21st Century. capital of the United Kingdom Pearson Longman Hobden, S. and Jones, R. W. (2008) Marxist theories of international relations in J. Baylis, S. Smith and P. Owens, The globalization of world politics. Oxford Oxford University Press, pp. 144-57. Jackson, R. and Sorensen, G. (2003) Introduction to International Relations Theories and Approaches. Oxford Oxford University Press. Lamy, S. L. (2008) Contemporary mainstream approaches neo-realism and neo-liberalism in J. Baylis, S. Smith and P. Owens, The globalization of world politics. Oxford Oxford University Press, pp. 126-37. Mingst, K. (1999) Essentials of International Relations. London Norton & Company Ltd. Reus-Smit, C. and Snidal, D. (2010) The Oxford Handbook of International relations. Oxford Oxford University Press. Waltz, K. N. (1979) Theory of International Politics. London McGraw-Hill. Waltz, K. N. (2000) Globalization and American Power, The National Interest, 59 (Spring) 46-56.

Successful Student

The enrolled in college The Developmental Writing physical body refreshed some of the skills I had learned in English class such as diary writing, vocabulary enrichment, critical thinking, paragraph patterns, and short essays. The course also proved useful in meliorate my sentence composition and study habits The Learning Strategies course dealt with several aspects of improving my skills as a savant. The world-class thing the course taught was that Success does not happen by luck or chance, it is the result of substantial work, honest self-assessment, setting goals, and planning for the future.Interpersonal skills must be developed by learning to cooperate with teachers, and students with understanding and acceptance. I must try to be an active learner who takes initiative to seek help, be involved by asking questions when I am unsure f the answers. The best students are self-motivated, and contend what their goals are, and the surest way to reach them Discovering your learn ing style and putting it to use is very important, we all learn in diverse ways if you take the time to figure out which way works best for you your safekeeping will be frequently better.After finding my particular style I am able exist how to get the most from learning in a way that is the easiest and most comfortable for me. There whitethorn not be a single best way to learn, sometimes it takes a combination of different ways to allow me learn best. The class also taught me the meaning of the term Locus of Control which refers to the opening of motivation. It can be either internal or external. Internal is taking responsibility for my actions, and results external sum others control my motivations, and I see little connection between my actions, and their results.I found out how important the mogul to use critical and creative thinking is in order to be successful in my studies. captious thinking is the ability to use logical, conscious, and purposeful reasoning. It includ es the process of self-reflection where I can examine my actions, and there uniqueness. original thinking has some of the same qualities, but also adds inventive and original thoughts as well. It helps me apply what I have learned in new ways.My definition of a successful student is a student who continues to do the best that he can, and always tries to improve as much as he can. I will endeavor to put all of the skills I have learned, and continue to learn here at Roan State to the best use that my ability allows. If I can manage to do so I will be more successful both as a student and after on as a graduate of Roan State So much has changed in the by months being here it is sometimes very difficult to keep it in prospective.My classes and the instructors I have been undefendable to continue to reshape my way of thinking. The more I attend College the more I realize how much I had, and still have to learn. As I continue my education my ability as a student continues to improve w hile learning to tie the information presented to me together. I can see at present why I was always told that an education is such a valuable thing to have, and not to be taken for granted. My only regret at this point of my experience is that I did not have this probability sooner in life.